Botanical Antimicrobial Compositions

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are compositions comprising antimicrobially effective low concentrations of benzyl alcohol, one or more essential oil and one or more botanical extract. The compositions of the application may be used in personal care products including wound care products or in veterinary use. In certain embodiments, compositions are provided having antimicrobial active agents that are substantially or essentially entirely derived from natural sources, thereby allowing the user to avoid harsh and/or toxic chemicals. This may be particularly advantageous in products for use by or on children or pets or for use in households or other environments occupied by children or animals.

PRIORITY CLAIM

The present application is a continuation of International ApplicationNo. PCT/US12/037135, filed May 9, 2012, which is a continuation-in-partof U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/412,464, filed Mar. 5, 2012; andalso claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.61/555,367, filed Nov. 3, 2011, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser.No. 61/567,372, filed Dec. 6, 2011, U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationSer. No. 61/583,482, filed Jan. 5, 2012, U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 61/583,505, filed Jan. 5, 2012, and U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/583,998, filed Jan. 6, 2012;to each of which priority is claimed and all of which are incorporatedherein by reference in their entireties.

1. INTRODUCTION

Disclosed are compositions comprising antimicrobially effectivecombinations of benzyl alcohol, essential oils and botanical extracts(including plant extracts and fruit extracts).

2. BACKGROUND

Essential oils are volatile oils obtained from plant or animal sourcesand are composed of complex mixtures of several constituents, such asmonoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, monoterpene andsesquiterpene alcohols, esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, oxides andthe like. These essential oils and their isolated constituents arefrequently utilized as fragrance and flavor agents, and have been widelyused in folk medicine for wound healing properties.

Scientific research has corroborated the beneficial effects of essentialoils. Essential oils of eucalyptus have been found to “possess centraland peripheral analgesic effects as well as neutrophil-dependent andindependent anti-inflammatory activities” (Silva et al., 2003, J.Ethnopharmacol. 89(2-3);277-283), and similar activity has been observedin essential oils from Lavendula angustifolia Mill. (Hajhashemi et al.,2003, J. Ethnopharmacol. 89(1):67-71). Essential oils have beendemonstrated to exhibit antibacterial (Bozic et al., 2003, Phytother.Res. 17(9 :1037-1040; Goren et al., 2003, Z. Naturforsch.58(9-10):687-690; de Abreu Gonzaga et al., 2003, Planta Med. 69(8:773-775; Valero and Salmera, 2003, Int. J. Food Microbial. 85(1-2):73-81) and antifungal (Paranagama et al., 2003, Lett. Appl. Microbiol,37(0:86-90; Shin, 2003, Arch. Pharm. Res. 26(5):389-393; Velluti et al.,2003, Int. J. Food Microbiol. 89:145-154) activities. Virucidal activityof essential oils has also been observed, including direct virucidaleffects against Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (Garcia et al.,Phytother. Res. 17(9):1073-1075; Minami et al., 2003, Microbial Immunol.47(a):681-684; Schuhrnacher et al., 2003, Phytomedicine 10:504-510).

United States Patent Application Publication No. 20050048139 by Modak etal., published Mar. 3, 2005, relates to topical compositions comprisingan emollient solvent and an essential oil, which may further compriseadditional additives, among which citric acid, glycolic acid and lacticacid are cited.

United States Patent Application Publication No. 20050019431 by Modak etal., published Jan. 27, 2005, relates to compositions comprising aquaternary ammonium compound and an essential oil (or active componentthereof).

A number of patent applications relate to compositions comprising anessential oil (or component thereof) where zinc salts are added toinhibit irritation associated with essential oils. Examples of suchpatent applications include United States Patent Application PublicationNo. 20040102429 by Modak et al., published May 27, 2004 and UnitedStates Patent Application Publication No. 20050238602 by Modak et al.,published Oct. 27, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,435,429.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,858,317 by Aamodt et al., issued Feb. 22, 2005, relatesto methods for protecting wood from mold and sap staining fungi whichemploy a non-toxic mold inhibitor which may be a plant extract such asan essential oil.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,100,652 by Kross et al., issued Mar. 31, 1992, relatesto low concentration chlorous-acid generating oral hygiene compositionswhich may comprise an essential oil as a flavoring agent.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,310,546 by Douglas, issued May 10, 1994, relates to amouth rinse preparation comprising hydrogen peroxide, zinc chloride,sodium citrate, sodium lauryl sulfate, citric acid and ethanol andoptionally an essential oil which is a denaturing agent.

BiON offers several skin care products comprising citric acid,botanicals, and other agents for topical use (San Diego, Calif., US).

Johnson et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 6,319,958 and US20020165130) relates tothe use of sesquiterpenoids to promote uptake of exogenous antimicrobialcompounds. Similarly, a related article discloses the use ofsesquiterpenoids, such as nerolidol, farnesol, bisabolol and apritone,in enhancing bacterial peimeability and susceptibility to exogenousantimicrobial compounds, suggesting that sesquiterpenoids have anon-specific and general effect (Brehm-Stecher et al. 2003,Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 47(10):3357-3360). In particular,Brehm-Stecher et al. report that nerolidol, farnesol, bisabolol andapritone enhanced the susceptibility of S. aureus to the antibioticserythromycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, ciproflaxin, clindamycin, andtetracycline.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,867,898 by Spaulding et al., issued Sep. 19, 1989,relates to a liquid hard surface cleaner comprising pine oil andorganic, oil-soluble acids at a pH from 0-6.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,753,305 by Raso and Caselli, issued Jun. 22, 2004,relates to a hard surface disinfectant comprising up to 20 percent ofcinnamon oil or a component thereof, 0.01-5 percent of an organic acid,and optionally an additional essential oil.

International Patent Application Publication No. WO2007/077573 byMukhopadhyay, published Jul. 12, 2007, relates to antimicrobialcompositions comprising an antimicrobial agent, such as triclosan, and afunctionalized hydrocarbon, where the functionalized hydrocarbon can bean essential oil, and/or a solvent.

Infection continues to be the major problem in the management ofpatients with burn wounds, decubitus ulcers and other surfaceinfections. Control of skin infections is most important in preventingbacteremia and enhancing wound healing. Topical creams containing silversulfadiazine and other topical antimicrobial agents have been developedand widely used for such purposes. However, complete control of targetinfection has not been achieved with the use of these agents.

1% silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene®) cream has been effectively used as aprophylactic cream to control burn wound infections. However, it is notvery effective in treating established deep wound infections due to thedrug's failure to penetrate the wound eschar. The incidence of woundcolonization with S. aureus or C. albicans in Silvadene® treatedpatients has spurred research for other agents.

It has been well established that continuous control of infectionfacilitates rapid healing of partial thickness burns, decubitus ulcersand other types of surgical wounds and facilitates their closure. Woundhealing, especially in burns, is a complex process for which zinc hasbeen found essential. Studies on zinc have shown beneficial results inwound healing with acceleration of the re-epithelialization process andan antibacterial effect. Zinc oxide has been reported to activateendogenous zinc-dependent matrix metalloproteinases, augment expressionof endogenous growth factors and facilitate keratinocyte migration.

In earlier studies, topical treatment of burn wounds with zincsulfadiazine was found to accelerate wound healing better than treatmentwith silver sulfadiazine. (Gyn and Obstet, 142:553-559 (1976)).

To prevent or reduce infection of burn wounds, topical ointments havebeen used. These ointments have incorporated silver sulfadiazine (U.S.Pat. No. 3,761,590, incorporated herein by reference) or variousantibiotics. A topical ointment for burns has also been reported whichcontains a combination of silver salts and norfloxocin, a quinolineantibiotic, or its salts (U.S. Pat. No. 4,404,197, incorporated herebyby reference). In the case where the antibiotic is silver norfloxocin,U.S. Pat. No. 4,404,197 reports a synergistic enhancement of activity.U.S. Pat. No. 5,374,432 relates to topical anti-infective ointmentscontaining an antibiotic, silver salt, and sterile carrier. Thesecompositions were found to not only provide improved antimicrobialefficacy, but also reduced incidence of microbial resistance.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,987,133 relates to a topical preparation containingsilver sulfadiazine dispersed or solubilized in a cream or lotion basematrix which can be sprayed directly on the burn wound. European PatentNo. EP0653214 relates to a topical antibacterial preparation containingsilver sulfadiazine and collagen for the treatment of infected hands andfor the advancement of their healing.

There is a continuing desire for an antimicrobial or wound healingcomposition that are non-irritating, safe, and effective for repeateduse in various professional and non-professional settings.

3. SUMMARY

Disclosed are compositions comprising antimicrobially effective lowconcentrations of benzyl alcohol, one or more essential oil and one ormore botanical extract. In certain embodiments, compositions areprovided having antimicrobial active agents that are substantially oressentially entirely derived from natural sources, thereby allowing theuser to avoid harsh and/or toxic chemicals. This may be particularlyadvantageous in products for use by or on children or pets or for use inhouseholds or other environments occupied by children or animals.

In certain embodiments, an antimicrobial composition is providedcomprising benzyl alcohol (from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w)),one or more essential oil such as but not limited to lemongrass oil,cinnamon oil, thyme oil, galanga oil, orange oil, pomegranate oil, curryleaf oil and combinations thereof (from about 0.02% (w/w) to about 1.0%(w/w)), and one or more botanical extract such as wasabi extract,grapefruit seed extract, honey suckle extract, cedarwood extract,pomegranate extract, Echinacea extract, aspen bark extract, willow barkextract, citrus extract, Brahmi extract and combinations there of (fromabout 0.1% (w/w)-1.0% (w/w)). Optional ingredients include one or moresesquiterpenoid such as farnesol, nerolidol, bisabolol, apritone, citraland combinations thereof (from about 0.03% (w/w) to about 2% (w/w)), oneor more plant derived alcohol (from about 5% (w/w) to about 20% (w/w)),one or more natural organic acid such as a fruit acid, benzoic acid,salicylic acid and combinations thereof (from about 0.02% (w/w) to about2.0% (w/w)), and vegetable glycerin,

“About” as used herein means ±20% of the recited value.

All ranges herein include the recited values.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, an antimicrobial composition isprovided comprising:

(a) from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 50% (w/w) benzyl alcohol;

(b) from about 0.01% (w/w) to about 5% (w/w) essential oil; and

(e) from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 4% (w/w) sesquiterpenoid,

wherein the composition does not comprise an alkanediol.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, an antimicrobial composition isprovided comprising:

(a) from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 50% (w/w) benzyl alcohol;

(b) from about 0.01% (w/w) to about 5% (w/w) essential oil; and

(c) from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w) botanical extract selectedfrom the group consisting of wasabi extract, honeysuckle extract, cedarwood extract, aspen bark extract, willow bark extract, tobacco extract,and combinations thereof.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, an antimicrobial composition isprovided comprising:

(a) from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 50% (w/w) benzyl alcohol;

(b) from about 0.01% (w/w) to about 5% (w/w) essential oil;

(c) from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w) botanical extract;

(d) from about 0 to about 20% (w/w) fruit acid; and

(e) from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 4% (w/w) sesquiterpenoid,

wherein the composition does not comprise an alkanediol.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, an antimicrobial composition isprovided comprising

(a) from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w) benzyl alcohol;

(b) from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 4.0% (w/w) incroquat;

(c) from about 0.2% (w/w) to about 0.5% (w/w) benzoic acid;

(d) from about 0.05% (w/w) to about 1% (w/w) of one or more essentialoil selected from the group consisting of oregano oil, thymol, rosemaryoil, cinnamon oil (e.g., cinnamon leaf oil or cinnamon bark oil),galangal oil, pomegranate oil, and lemongrass oil; and

(e) from about 0.2% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w) of one or more botanicalselected from the group consisting of wasabi extract, grapefruitextract, citrus extract, honeysuckle extract, aloe gel, and aloe leafjuice. In certain subsets of this embodiment, the composition furthercomprises from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 0.5% (w/w) zinc oxide. Incertain subsets of this embodiment, the composition further comprisesfrom about 0.2% (w/w) to about 0.5% sodium benzoate. In certain subsetsof this embodiment, the composition further comprises from about 0.l%(w/w) to about 1.0% (w/w) pentanediol. In certain subsets of thisembodiment, the composition further comprises grapefruit seed or anothercitrus extract, for example, at a concentration from about 0.3% (w/w) toabout 1.0% (w/w). In certain subsets of this embodiment, the compositionfurther comprises one or more of Vitamin E and/or Vitamin C, for examplewith each being at a concentration from about 0.02% (w/w) to about 0.2%(w/w). In certain subsets of this embodiment, the composition furthercomprises a sesquiterpenoid or a mixture of sesquiterpenoids, forexample at a concentration from about 0.3% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w). Incertain subsets of this embodiment, the composition does not comprise anantibiotic or antiseptic agent which is a biguanide, a chlorinatedphenol, or a quaternary ammonium compound. In certain subsets of thisembodiment, the composition does not comprise phenylethanol. In certainsubsets of this embodiment, the composition does not comprisephenoxyethanol. In certain subsets of this embodiment, the compositiondoes not comprise polymixin, miconazole, fluconazole, itriconazole, orkeoconazole. In certain subsets of this embodiment, the composition doesnot comprise neomycin. In certain subsets of this embodiment, thecomposition does not comprise bacitracin. In certain subsets of thisembodiment, the composition does not comprise povidone iodine or otheriodine-containing compounds.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, an antimicrobial composition isprovided comprising

(a) from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w) benzyl alcohol;

(b) from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w) benzoic acid;

(c) from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 1.0% (w/w) phenoxyethanol;

(d) from about 0.3% (w/w) to about 1.3% (w/w) sesquiterpenoid(s) in theform of a single sesquiterpenoid or a mixture of sesquiterpenoids;

(e) from about 0.05% (w/w) to about 2.5% (w/w) of one or more essentialoil selected from the group consisting of oregano oil, thymol, rosemaryoil, cinnamon oil (e.g., cinnamon leaf oil or cinnamon bark oil),galangal oil, pomegranate oil, and lemongrass oil; and

(f) from about 0.2% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w) of one or more botanicalselected from the group consisting of wasabi extract, grapefruitextract, citrus extract, honeysuckle extract, aloe gel, and aloe leafjuice. In certain subsets of this embodiment, the composition furthercomprises from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 3.0% (w/w) pentylene glycol. Incertain subsets of this embodiment, the composition further comprisesfrom about 0.5% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w) of a cationic surfactant. Incertain subsets of this embodiment, the composition does not comprise anantibiotic or antiseptic agent which is a biguanide, a chlorinatedphenol, or a quaternary ammonium compound. In certain subsets of thisembodiment, the composition does not comprise phenylethanol. In certainsubsets of this embodiment, the composition does not comprise polymixin,miconazole, fluconazole, itriconazole, or keoconazole. In certainsubsets of this embodiment, the composition does not comprise neomycin.In certain subsets of this embodiment, the composition does not comprisebacitracin. In certain subsets of this embodiment, the composition doesnot comprise povidone iodine or other iodine-containing compounds.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, an antimicrobial composition isprovided comprising

(a) from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w) benzyl alcohol;

(b) from about 0.02% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w) benzoic acid;

(c) from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 1.0% (w/w) phenylethanol;

(d) from about 0.02% (w/w) to about 1% (w/w) sesquiterpenoid(s) in theform of a single sesquiterpenoid or a mixture of sesquiterpenoids;

(e) from about 0.05% (w/w) to about 2.5% (w/w) of one or more essentialoil selected from the group consisting of oregano oil, thymol, rosemaryoil, cinnamon oil (e.g., cinnamon leaf oil or cinnamon bark oil),galangal oil, pomegranate oil, and lemongrass oil; and

(f) from about 0.05% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w) of one or more botanicalselected from the group consisting of wasabi extract, grapefruitextract, citrus extract, honeysuckle extract, aloe gel, and aloe leafjuice. In certain subsets of this embodiment, the composition does notcomprise an antibiotic or antiseptic agent which is a biguanide, achlorinated phenol, or a quaternary ammonium compound. In certainsubsets of this embodiment, the composition does not comprisephenoxyethanol. In certain subsets of this embodiment, the compositiondoes not comprise polymixin, miconazole, fluconazole, itriconazole, orkeoconazole. In certain subsets of this embodiment, the composition doesnot comprise neomycin. In certain subsets of this embodiment, thecomposition does not comprise bacitracin. In certain subsets of thisembodiment, the composition does not comprise povidone iodine or otheriodine-containing compounds.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, a disinfectant is providedcomprising

(a) from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 3.0% (w/w) benzyl alcohol;

(b) from about 0.05% (w/w) to about 2.5% (w/w) of lemongrass oil, orangeoil, or a combination thereof;

(c) from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w) of fruit acid; and

(d) from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w) of a botanical selectedfrom the group consisting of wasabi extract and honeysuckle extract.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, a wound-healing composition isprovided comprising

(a) from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 0.5% (w/w) benzyl alcohol;

(b) from about 0.2% (w/w) to about 1.0% (w/w) zinc oxide;

(c) from about 0.05% (w/w) to about 0.7% (w/w) curcumin; and

(d) from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 1.0% (w/w) of each of at least two ofthe following: pomegranate oil, rosemary oil, lemongrass oil, cinnamonoil (e.g., cinnamon leaf oil or cinnamon bark oil), thymol, andbuckthorn oil.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, a surface disinfectant is providedcomprising:

(a) from about 1.0% (w/w) to about 30% (w/w) benzyl alcohol;

(b) from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 4.0% (w/w) of a mixture of pine oiland an essential oil selected from the group consisting of lemongrassoil, orange oil, cinnamon leaf oil, cinnamon bark oil and a combinationthereof;

(c) from about 2% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w) fruit acid;

(d) from about 5% (w/w) to about 25% (w/w) surfactant; and

(e) water, optionally further comprising between about 3% (w/w) andabout 50% (w/w) aliphatic alcohol (for example, but not limited to, amixture of aliphatic alcohols, for example mixtures of ethanol andpropanol or butanol, e.g., SDA 3C or SDA 40B)

In certain non-limiting embodiments, a surface disinfectant is providedcomprising;

from about 2.5% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w) of an essential oil selectedfrom the group consisting of lemongrass oil, orange oil, cinnamon oil,and a combination thereof;

from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 5.0% (w/w) pine oil;

from about 25% (w/w) to about 50% (w/w) surfactant;

from about 10% (w/w) to about 20% (w/w) fruit acid;

from about 20% (w/w) to about 40% (w/w) aliphatic alcohol; and

water.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, a cleaning composition is providedcomprising from about 1% (w/w) to about 5% (w/w) lemongrass oil, fromabout 0.1% (w/w) to about 1% (w/w) pine oil, and from about 5% (w/w) toabout 20% (w/w) citric acid.

In various non-limiting embodiments, the compositions may be utilized inpersonal care products such as soaps, scrubs, cosmetics, topical creamsand lotions, wound care products, burn wound cream, decubitous ulcercream (with anti-inflammatory botanicals and the use of silversulfadiazene as an anti-microbial agent), rapidly acting skindisinfectants, disinfecting wipes, and veterinary products, such asantimicrobial lotion for mastitis, teat dip, and therapeutic ointments.The compositions of the application may be used in concentrations fromabout 1% to about 10% in personal care products or topical creams. Inother non-limiting embodiments, the compositions may be utilized inhousehold and industrial applications, for example as surfacedisinfectants, surface cleaners, pesticides and preservatives.

4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

For clarity of description, and not by way of limitation, the detaileddescription of the application is divided into the followingsubsections:

(4.1) benzyl alcohol;

(4.2) essential oils;

(4.3) botanical extracts;

(4,4) Sesquiterpenoids;

(4.5) alkanediols;

(4.6) solvents;

(4.7) natural organic acids;

(4.8) personal care products;

(4.9) wound healing;

(4.10) veterinary products;

(4.11) household/industrial products;

(4.12) medical devices; and

(4.13) pesticides.

4.1 Benzyl Alcohol

The compositions disclosed herein comprise benzyl alcohol, at aconcentration (percent weight/weight, “% w/w”) from about 0.05% (w/w) toabout 60% w/w, or from aboput 0.5% (w/w) to about 50% (w/w), or fromabout 0.5% (w/w) to about 50% (w/w); or from about 0.5% (w/w) to about2.0% (w/w), or from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w), or from about0.1% (w/w) to about 0.5% (w/w), or from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 5%(w/w), or from about 5.0% (w/w) to about 20% (w/w), including but notlimited to about 0.05% (w/w, 0.1% (w/w), 0.5% (w/w), 1.0% (w/w), 2.0%(w/w), 3.0% (w/w), 4.0% (w/w), 5.0% (w/w), 6.0% (w/w), 7.0% (w/w), 8.0%(w/w), 9.0% (w/w), 10.0% (w/w), 12% (w/w), 15% (w/w), 18% (w/w), 20%(w/w), 25% (w/w), 30% (w/w), 35% (w/w), 40% (w/w), 45% (w/w), 50% (w/w),55% (w/w), and 60% (w/w).

In certain, non-limiting embodiments, the compositions disclosed hereincomprise benzyl alcohol, at a concentration of between about 0.1 andabout 0.5% w/w; or between about 0.1 and about 0.45 w/w; or betweenabout 0.1 and about 0,4% w/w; or between about 0.1 and about 0.35% w/w;or between about 0,1 and about 0.3% w/w; or between about 0.1 and about0.25% w/w; or between about 0.1 and about 0.2% w/w; or between about 0.1and about 0.15% w/w.

Benzyl alcohol for use in the compositions disclosed herein may beproduced synthetically or may be obtained from one or more natural plant(botanical) source.

4.2 Essential Oils

Essential oils (“EOs”), as defined herein, are volatile oils obtainedfrom plant or animal sources, or their synthetic equivalents, and arecomposed of complex mixtures of several constituents such asmonoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, monoterpene andsesquiterpene alcohols, esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, oxides andthe like. Examples of EOs include, but are not limited to, cinnamon oil(e.g., cinnamon leaf oil or cinnamon bark oil), basil oil, bergamot oil,clary sage oil, ylang-ylang oil, neroli oil, sandalwood oil,frankincense oil, ginger oil, peppermint oil, lavender oil, jasmineabsolute, geranium oil bourbon, spearmint oil, clove oil, patchouli oil,rosemary oil, rosewood oil, sandalwood oil, tea tree oil, vanilla oil,lemongrass oil, oregano oil, thymol, galangal oil, cedar wood oil,balsam oils, tangerine oil, Hinoki oil, Hiba oil, ginko oil, eucalyptusoil, lemon oil, orange oil, sweet orange oil, pomegranate seed oil,pomegranate oil, manuka oil, citronella oil, curry leaf oil, andcalendula oil.

Individual constituents (“ICs”) of essential oils may be isolated fromthe oil (natural) or may be entirely or partially chemically synthetic,and include, but are not limited to, thyme, oregano, curcumin,1-citronellol, α-amylcinnamaldehyde, lyral, geraniol, farnesol,hydroxycitronellal, isoeugenol, eugenol, camphor, eucalyptol, linalool,citral, thymol, limonene and menthol. Further examples of ICs includesesquiterpenoid compounds, which may be the active compounds in theessential oils. Sesquiterpenoid compounds, containing 15 carbons, areformed biosynthetically from three 5-carbon isoprene units.Sesquiterpenoid compounds include, but are not limited to, farnesol,nerolidol, bisabolol, apritone, chamazulene, santalol, zingiberol,carotol, and caryophyllen.

Mixtures of one or more EO, one or more IC, and one or more EO as wellas one or more IC, are encompassed by the present subject matter. Inspecific non-limiting embodiments of the application, an IC is selectedfrom the (non-limiting) group consisting of camphor, curcumin,alpha-pinene, constituents of cinnamon leaf oil such as, cinnamaldehyde,cinnamylacetic ester, cinnamic acid, ethyl cinnamate, methyl chavicol,linalool, beta-caryophyllene, and eugenol; constituents of lemongrassoil such as d-limonene, geranyl acetate, nerol, geraniol, citral, and/ormyrcene; constituents of citronella oil such as geraniol, citronellol,citronellal, geranyl acetate, limonene, methyl isoueugenol, and/orelemol; components of basil oil such as camphor, limonene, and/orβ-selinene; and constituents of orange oil such as α-pinene, sabinene,myrcene, limonene, linalool, citronellal, neral and/or geranial. An EOor IC for use in the application may be obtained from its natural sourceor may be chemically synthesized.

In preferred non-limiting embodiments of the application, the EO isselected from one or more EO from the group consisting of cinnamon oil(CO) (bark or leaf), lemongrass oil (LGO), and basil oil (BO), all ofwhich have little to no fragrance, or nonfragrant oils such aspomegranate seed oil (PSO).

Calendula contains high amounts of flavonoids, plant-based antioxidantsthat protect the body against cell-damaging free radicals. It appears tohave anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial effects. Animalstudies show that calendula accelerates wound healing, possibly byincreasing blood flow to the wounded area and by helping the bodyproduce collagen proteins, which are used to heal skin and connectivetissue.

4.3 Botanical Extracts

Botanical extracts, as defined herein, include plant, herbal, and fruitextracts, which are not “essential oils” as noted above. The botanicalextracts utilized herein include but are not limited to wasabi,honeysuckle, cedar wood, aspen bark, willow bark, Brahmi (Bacopamonnieri) extract, citrus extract Camellia sinensis (green tea), grapes,pomegranate, Echinacea, Centella Asiatica, Elderflower, Irish moss,Mallow, soap bark, Yucca, Clary sage, oregano, thyme, curcumincompounds, resveratrol (polyphenolic compound from grape, berries, etc.)vetivert and mixtures thereof. The botanical utilized to obtain thebotanical extract may be obtained from any of the plant parts includingthe leaves, pulp, seeds, or stems, fruit and fruit seeds, as well as thewhole plant. Herbal extracts can be, for example, standardized extractsthat are dispersible and/or soluble in aqueous medium.

Examples of herbal extracts include, without limitation, extracts ofchamomile, rosemary, aloe, nettle, Centella asiatica, ginkgo biloba,betula, and witch hazel. Such extracts may be delivered in a carriersuch as water, propylene glycol, hydroalcohol, glycerine, or butyleneglycol. Additional extracts with nutritional quality can be used,including, without limitation, green tea, white tea, grape skin, grapeseed, resveratrol grapefruit, grapefruit seed, grapefruit peel, citrusfruits (other than grapefruit extract) bilberry, blueberry, Ginkgobiloba, soy isoflavones, soy extract, fermented soy protein, blackcohosh, St. John's wort, echinacea, chamomile, rosemary, aloe extractand juice, nettle, coconut fruit and Centella asiatica. Botanicalextracts can be obtained from, for example, Active Organics (Lewisville,Tex.), New Age Botanicals (Garland, Tex.), Triarco Industries (Wayne,N.J.), and Aloecorp (Broomfield, Colo.).

Examples of nonfragrant botanicals include pomegranate seed oil (PSO),mixtures of edible plant extract Kefiprotect (KP), andtetrahydrocurcuminoid (THC). Turmeric and curcuminoids have beendocumented to have anti inflammatory, antioxidant and wound healingproperties. The following curcuminoids can be used in topical creams,tetrahydrocurcumin, tetrahydrodemethoxycurcumin,tetrahydrobisdemethoxycurcumin, and mixtures thereof. Additionalexamples of botanical extracts include coconut derived phospholipid(Arlasik phospholipid PTM), natural blends of fatty acids which mimicthose found in the stratum corneum, mixture of fatty acids with pigmentssuch as carotenes, carotenoids or phytosterols that are known tofacilitate repair to damaged skin, and the like. Specific examples ofuseful botanical extracts include avocado, which contains the sterolsitosterol; carrot, which contains beta carotene; sesame oil whichcontains a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and brazilnut oil. Because of its broad distribution of fatty acids, extracts suchas brazil nut oil, can outperform single fatty acids with respect toincorporation into the lipid lamellar structures. Brazil nut oil (BNO)originates from the harvested fruit from the South American rain foresttree: Bertholletia excelsa.

Botanical extracts also include flavonoids and terpenoids. Theflavonoids contemplated by the present subject matter include, but arenot limited to, turin, quercetin, hesperidin, and naringin. Terpenoidscontemplated by the present subject matter include, but are not limitedto, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes.

In preferred non-limiting embodiments of the application, the botanicalextract is selected from one or more extract selected from the groupconsisting of grapefruit seed extract (GSE), pomegranate seed oil (PSO),citrus fruit extract, or mixtures of edible plant extract Kefiprotect(KP), coconut derived phospholipid (Arlasik phospholipid PTM), andtetrahydrocurcuminoid (THC).

4.4 Sesquiterpenoids

Compositions disclosed herein comprise one or more sesquiterpenoidselected from the group consisting of farnesol, nerolidol, bisabolol,apritone, citral and combinations thereof.

4.3 Alkanediols

In non-limiting embodiments, bifunctional alcohols which may be usedaccording to the present subject matter are alkanediols. Suitablealkanediols include, but are not limited to, propanediol, butanediol,dodecanediol, decanediol, nonanediol, octanediol, heptanediol,hexanediol, and pentanediol.

In particular non-limiting embodiments, the alkanediols have a carbonbackbone of between 3 and 25 carbon atoms, including but not limited to1,9 Nonanediol, 1,2-Decanediol, 1,10-Decanediol, 1,11-Undecanediol,1,2-Dodecanediol, 1,12 Dodecanediol, Cyclododecanediol,1,13-Tridecanediol, 1,2-Tetradecanediol, 1,14-Tetradecanediol, 1,15-Pentadecanediol, 1,16-Hexadecanediol, 1,17-Heptadecanediol,1,18-Octadecanediol, 1,19-Nonadecanediol, 1,20-Eicosanediol,1,21-Heneicosanediol, 1,22-Docosanediol, 1,23-Tricosanediol,1,24-Tetracosanediol, 1,25-Pentacosanediol.

In certain embodiments an alkanediol is obtained from a natural product.In certain embodiments an alkanediol is chemically synthesized.

4.6 Solvents

In various non-limiting embodiments, the compositions of the presentsubject matter may include one or more solvent, including but notlimited to solvent(s) selected from the group consisting of water,alcohols, plant derived alcohols, glycols, glycerol, glycerine,octoxyglycerin, diglycerol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, andvegetable oils.

Preferred but non-limiting examples of non-alkanediol alcohols forsolubilization are aliphatic alcohols having between about 1 and 8carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropyl alcohol,2-methyl-2 propanol, hexanol, or combinations thereof. Aromaticalcohols, for example, but not by way of limitation, phenoxyethanol,benzyl alcohol, 1-phenoxy-2-propanol, and/or phenethyl alcohol, may alsooptionally be used in combination with aliphatic alcohols.

Aromatic alcohols, for example, but not by way of limitation, includephenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, 1-phenoxy-2-propanol, and/or phenethylalcohol, for example at a concentration of between about 0.5 and 5%(weight/weight) may also optionally be used in combination withaliphatic alcohols. A further solvent which optionally may be comprisedin a composition of the application is isopropyl myristate. Additionalaliphatic alcohols include ethanol, denatured alcohol (SDA 40B and SDA3C) and isopropanol.

Compositions comprising combinations of benzyl alcohol, botanicals, and1,3 propanediol and its derivatives such as 2-methyl-1-nitro1,3-propanediol (Diol) or 2-Hydroxymethyl 2-nitro 1,3-propanediol(Triol), may further contain cosolvents such as glycerin,octoxyglycerin, alcohol, glycols, butanediol, and phenoxy ethanol.

In preferred non-limiting embodiments, the solvent is benzyl alcohol,glycerin, or a combination thereof

In certain embodiments, the solvents are used at concentrations rangingfrom about 0.001% to about 90% (w/w), or from about 1% to about 85%(w/w), or from about 10% to about 70% (w/w), or from about 30% to about65% (w/w). In alternative embodiments, the concentration ranges rangefrom about 5% to about 90% (w/w), preferably from about 30% to about 90%(w/w), and more preferably from about 40% to about 80% (w/w). In apreferred embodiment, the solvent is a natural product, for example,benzyl alcohol derived from the Cassia plant.

In alternative preferred non-limiting embodiments of the application,the solvent is benzyl alcohol or its derivatives, e.g., hydroxyl benzylalcohol, nitro benzyl alcohol, or other derivatives. Benzyl alcoholconcentrations ranging from about 0.5% to about 10% (w/w), preferablyfrom about 0.5% to about 5% (w/w), more preferably from about 0.5% toabout 4% (w/w), have been found to exhibit antimicrobial efficacy withcertain botanical organic acids, and in particular fruit acids.Alternative embodiments use from about 1.0% to about 5.0% (w/w), or fromabout 1% to about 3% (w/w) benzyl alcohol. Use of other botanicals andsynthetic antimicrobials along with benzyl alcohol and these acidsfurther enhances the activity as discussed in further detail below.

4.7 Natural Organic Acids

Natural organic acids, such as fruit acids, which may be used accordingto the application include but are not limited to fruit acid, citricacid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, benzoicacid, salicylic acid, and acetic acid. In certain non-limitingembodiments, the fruit acid is Multifruit BSC (Arch Chemicals), which isa mixture of lactic, citric, tartaric, glycolic, and malic acidextracted from plants. In preferred non-limiting embodiments, the fruitacid is lactic acid. A fruit acid for use in the application may beobtained from its natural source or may be chemically synthesized.

Other organic acids which may be used in compositions disclosed hereininclude but are not limited to benzoic acid and its derivativesincluding salt forms, for example, a benzyl benzoate, paraamino benzoicacid, nitro benzoic acid, hydroxyl benzoic acid, flurobenzoic acid, andbenzyl salicylate.

Fruit acids may be used according to the application to assist in thecontrolled release of the silver compound. Non-limiting examples offruit acids include but are not limited to citric acid, glycolic acid,lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid and acetic acid. In certainnon-limiting embodiments, the fruit acid is Multifruit BSC (ArchChemicals), which is a mixture of lactic, citric, tartaric, glycolic,and malic acid extracted from plants. A fruit acid for use in thecompositions of the present subject matter may be obtained from itsnatural source or may be chemically synthesized. In preferrednon-limiting embodiments of the application, the fruit acid is lacticacid or citric acid.

In non-limiting embodiments, concentrations of fruit acids ranges fromabout 0% to about 70% (w/w), or from about 5% to about 70% (w/w), orfrom about 5% to about 20% (w/w), or from about 10% to about 20% (w/w).In alternative non-limiting embodiments of the application, theconcentrations range from about 0% to about 20% (w/w), or from about 0%to about 40% (w/w), or from about 0.1% to about 20% (w/w), or from about0.2% to about 4% (w/w), or from about 0.5% to about 4% (w/w), or fromabout 2% to about 4% (w/w).

In alternative embodiments, the concentrations of natural organic acidpresent in a composition for use range from about 0.2% to about 2%(w/w), or from about 0,2 to about 1% (w/w). In another alternativeembodiments, the natural organic acids are present in a composition foruse at concentrations ranging from between about 0.01% to about 5%(w/w), or from about 0.01% to about 4% (w/w), or from about 0.01% toabout 3% (w/w), or from about 0.01% to about 2% (w/w), or from about0.01% to about 1% (w/w), or from about 0.02% to about 5% (w/w), or fromabout 0.02% to about 4% (w/w), or from about 0.02% to about 3% (w/w), orfrom about 0.02% to about 2% (w/w), or from about 0.02% to about 1%(w/w), or from about 0.05% to about 2.0% (w/w), or from about 0.1% toabout 2.0% (w/w).

4.8 Personal Care Products

In non-limiting embodiments, personal care product compositions areprovided, comprising benzyl alcohol and one or more essential oil and/orone or more botanical extract, for example a plant or fruit extract.Preferably, the pH of personal care products is between about 3.0 and6.0.

Non-limiting examples of personal care products which may utilize thecompositions of the present subject matter include bar soap, liquid soap(e.g., hand soap), hand sanitizer (including rinse off and leave-onalcohol based and aqueous-based hand disinfectants), preoperative skindisinfectant, cleansing wipes, disinfecting wipes, body wash, acnetreatment products, antifungal diaper rash cream, antifungal skin cream,shampoo, conditioner, cosmetics (including but not limited to liquid orpowder foundation, liquid or solid eyeliner, mascara, cream eye shadow,tinted powder, “pancake” type powder to be used dry or moistened, etc.)deodorant, antimicrobial creams, body lotion, hand cream, topical cream,aftershave lotion, skin toner, mouth wash, toothpaste, sunscreen lotion,and baby products such as, but not limited to, cleansing wipes, babyshampoo, baby soap, and diaper cream. The present subject matter mayalso be applied to wound care items, such as, but not limited to, woundhealing ointments, creams, and lotions, wound coverings, burn woundcream, bandages, tape, and steri-strips, and medical articles such asmedical gowns, caps, face masks, and shoe-covers, surgical drops, etc.Additional products include but are not limited to oral products such asmouth rinse, toothpaste, and dental floss coatings, veterinary and petcare products, preservative compositions, and surface disinfectantsincluding solutions, sprays or wipes.

Personal care compositions provided herein may further comprise one or(preferably) more than one component selected from the group consistingof emollients, stabilizing agents, thickening agents, humectants,anti-inflammatory agents, antimicrobial agents, neutralizing agents,surfactants, water, silicone polymers, alcohols, and hydrogels, as wellas additional components as may be known in the art. Non-limitingexamples of such components are set forth below.

In various non-limiting embodiments, a personal care product maycomprise an emollient, for example PEG 20 almond glycerides, ProbutylDB-10, Glucam P-20, Glucam E-10, Glucam P-10, Glucam E-20, Glucam P-20distearate, glycerin, propylene glycol, octoxyglycerin, cetyl acetate,acetylated lanolin alcohol (e.g., Acetulan), cetyl ether (e.g., PPG-10),myristyril ether (e.g., PPG-3), hydroxylated milk glycerides (e.g.,Cremeral HMG), polyquaternium compounds (e.g., U-care compounds),copolymers of dimethyl dialyl ammonium chloride and acrylic acid (e.g.,Merquat), dipropylene glycol methyl ethers (e.g., Dowanol DPM, DowComing), polypropylene glycol ethers (e.g., Ucon 50-HB-600, UnionCarbide) and silicon polymers. Other suitable emollients may includehydrocarbon-based emollients such as petrolatum or mineral oil, fattyester-based emollients, such as methyl, isopropyl and butyl esters offatty acids such as isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl myristate, isopropylisostearate, isostearyl isostearate, diisopropyl sebacate, and propylenedipelargonate, 2-ethylhexyl isononoate, 2-ethylhexyl stearate, C₁₂-C₁₆fatty alcohol lactates such as cetyl lactate and lauryl lactate,isopropyl lanolate, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, cetyl myristate, oleylmyristate, oleyl stearate, oleyl oleate, hexyl laurate, and isohexyllaurate. Additional useful emollients include lanolin, olive oil, cocoabutter, and shea butter.

In various non-limiting embodiments, a personal care product maycomprise a stabilizing agent such as an antioxidant, for example but notlimited to vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and/or vitamin E (tocopherol),and/or a surfactant, for example but not limited to incromide orsilicone-based surfactants (Masil SF-19, BASF).

In various non-limiting embodiments, a personal care product maycomprise a thickening and/or gelling agent such as stearyl alcohol,cationic hydroxy ethyl cellulose (Ucare; JR30), hydroxy propyl methylcellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose (Klucel), chitosan pyrrolidonecarboxylate (Kytamer), behenyl alcohol, zinc stearate, emulsifyingwaxes, including but not limited to Incroquat and Polawax, an additionpolymer of acrylic acid, a resin such as Carbopol® ETD™ 2020, guar gum,acacia, acrylates/steareth-20 methacrylate copolymer, agar, algin,alginic acid, ammonium acrylate co-polymers, ammonium alginate, ammoniumchloride, ammonium sulfate, amylopectin, attapulgite, bentonite, C9-15alcohols, calcium acetate, calcium alginate, calcium carrageenan,calcium chloride, caprylic alcohol, carbomer 910, carbomer 934, carbomer934P, carbomer 940, carbomer 941, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose,carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar, carrageenan, cellulose, cellulose gum,cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, corn starch, damar, dextrin,dibenzlidine sorbitol, ethylene dihydrogenated tallowamide, ethylenediolamide, ethylene distearamide, gelatin, guar gum, guarhydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, hectorite, hyaluronic acid, hydratedsilica, hydroxybutyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose,hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl stearamide-MIPA, isocetylalcohol, isostearyl alcohol, karaya gum, kelp, lauryl alcohol, locustbean gum, magnesium aluminium silicate, magnesium silicate, magnesiumtrisilicate, methoxy PEG-22/dodecyl glycol copolymer, methylcellulose,microcrystalline cellulose, montmorillonite, myristyl alcohol, oatflour, oleyl alcohol, palm kernel alcohol, pectin, PEG-2M, PEG-5M,polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, potassium alginate, potassiumaluminium polyacrylate, potassium carrageenan, potassium chloride,potassium sulfate, potato starch, propylene glycol alginate, sodiumacrylate/vinyl alcohol copolymer, sodium carboxymethyl dextran, sodiumcarrageenan, sodium cellulose sulfate, sodium chloride, sodiumpolymethacylate, sodium silicoaluminate, sodium sulfate, stearalkoniumbentotnite, stearalkonium hectorite, stearyl alcohol, tallow alcohol,TEA-hydrochloride, tragacanth gum, tridecyl alcohol, tromethaminemagnesium aluminium silicate, wheat flour, wheat starch, xanthan gum,abietyl alcohol, acrylinoleic acid, aluminum behenate, aluminumcaprylate, aluminum dilinoleate, aluminum salts, such as distearate, andaluminum isostearates, beeswax, behenamide, butadiene/acrylonitrilecopolymer, C29-70 acid, calcium behenate, calcium stearate, candelillawax, carnauba, ceresin, cholesterol, cholesterol hydroxystearate,coconut alcohol, copal, diglyceryl stearate malate, dihydroabietylalcohol, dimethyl lauramine oleate, dodecanoic acid/cetearylalcohol/glycol copolymer, erucamide, ethylcellulose, glyceryl triacetylhydroxystearate, glyceryl tri-acetyl ricinolate, glycol dibehenate,glycol di-octanoate, glycol distearate, hexanediol distearate,hydrogenated C6-14 olefin polymers, hydrogenated castor oil,hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated lard, hydrogenated menhadenoil, hydrogenated palm kernel glycerides, hydrogenated palm kernel oil,hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated polyisobutene, hydrogenated soybeanoil, hydrogenated tallow amide, hydrogenated tallow glyceride,hydrogenated vegetable glyceride, hydrogenated vegetable oil, Japan wax,jojoba wax, lanolin alcohol, shea butter, lauramide, methyldehydroabietate, methyl hydrogenated rosinate, methyl rosinate,methylstyrene/vinyltoluene copolymer, microcrystalline wax, montan acidwax, montan wax, myristyleicosanol, myristyloctadecanol,octadecene/maleic anhyrdine copolymer, octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate,oleamide, oleostearine, ouricury wax, oxidized polyethylene, ozokerite,paraffin, pentaerythrityl hydrogenated rosinate, pentaerythrityltetraoctanoate, pentaerythrityl rosinate, pentaerythrityl tetraabietate,pentaerythrityl tetrabehenate, pentaerythrityl tetraoleate,pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, ophthalmic anhydride/glycerin/glycidyldecanoate copolymer, ophthalmic/trimellitic/glycols copolymer,polybutene, polybutylene terephthalate, polydipentene, polyethylene,polyisobutene, polyisoprene, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl laurate,propylene glycol dicaprylate, propylene glycol dicocoate, propyleneglycol diisononanoate, propylene glycol dilaurate, propylene glycoldipelargonate, propylene glycol distearate, propylene glycoldiundecanoate, PVP/eiconsene copolymer, PVP/hexadecene copolymer, ricebran wax, stearlkonium bentonite, stearalkonium hectorite, stearamide,stearamide DEA-distearate, stearamide DIBA-stearate, stearamideMEA-stearate, stearone, stearyl erucamide, stearyl stearate, stearylstearoyl stearate, synthetic beeswax, synthetic wax, trihydroxystearin,triisononanoin, triisostearin, tri-isostearyl trilinoleate, trilaurin,trilinoleic acid, trilinolein, trimyristin, triolein, tripalmitin,tristearin, zinc laurate, zinc myristate, zinc neodecanoate, zincrosinate, and mixtures thereof. The gelling agents used in vehicles maybe natural gelling agents such as natural gums, starches, pectins, agarand gelatin. Often, the gelling agents are based on polysaccharides orproteins Examples include but are not limited to guar gum, Xanthum gum,Alginic acid (E400), sodium alginate (E401), potassium alginate (E402),ammonium alginate (E403 alkanediol, may further comprise a humectant,such as, for example, glycerin, 1-2-propylene glycol, dipropyleneglycol, polyethylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, or 1,2,6-hexanetriol.

In certain non-limiting, one or more additional antimicrobial agent maybe comprised, for example, where such antimicrobial agent may beselected from the group consisting of silver salts, iodophors, iodine,benzoic acid, dihydroacetic acid, propionic acid, sorbic acid, methylparaben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, butyl paraben, cetrimide,benzalkonium chloride, dequalinium chloride, chlorhexidine,chioroeresol, chlorxylenol, benzyl alcohol, bronopol, ehlorbutanol,phenoxyethanol, phenylethyl alcohol, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol,thiomersal, clindamycin, erythromycin, benzoyl peroxide, mupirocin,bacitracin, polymyxin B, neomycin, triclosan, parachlorometaxylene,foscarnet, miconazole, fluconazole, itriconazole, ketoconazole, silversulfadiazine, octoxyglycerine, biguanides such as, but not limited to,chlorhexidine free base, chlorhexidine palmitate, chlorhexidinediphosphanilate, chlorhexidine digluconate, chlorhexidine diacetate,chlorhexidine dihydrochloride, chlorhexidine dichloride, chlorhexidinedihydroiodide, chlorhexidine diperchlorate, chlorhexidine dinitrate,chlorhexidine sulfate, chlorhexidine sulfite, chlorhexidine thiosulfate,chlorhexidine di-acid phosphate, chlorhexidine difluorophosphate,chlorhexidine difoiuiate, chlorhexidine dipropionate, chlorhexidinedi-iodobutyrate, chlorhexidine di-n-valerate, chlorhexidine dicaproate,chlorhexidine malonate, chlorhexidine succinate, chlorhexidine malate,chlorhexidine tartrate, chlorhexidine dimonoglycolate, chlorhexidinemonodiglycolate, chlorhexidine dilactate, chlorhexidinedi-α-hydroxyisobutyrate, chlorhexidine diglucoheptonate, chlorhexidinedi-isothionate, chlorhexidine dibenzoate, chlorhexidine dicinnamate,chlorhexidine dimandelate, chlorhexidine di-isophthalate, chlorhexidinedi-2-hydroxynapthoate, chlorhexidine embonate, andparahexamethylenebiguanide (“PHMB”).

In various non-limiting embodiments, a personal care product maycomprise a neutralizing agent to neutralize carboxyl groups present inone or more other component, such as carboxyl groups in a thickeningagent. Suitable neutralizing agents include diisopropylamine andtriethanolamine.

In various non-limiting embodiments, the composition may comprise asurfactant. The surfactant may be an anionic surfactant, a cationicsurfactant, an ampholytic surfactant, or a nonionic surfactant. Examplesof nonionic surfactants include polyethoxylates, fatty alcohols (e.g.,ceteth-20 (a cetyl ether of polyethylene oxide having an average ofabout 20 ethylene oxide units) and other “BRIJ®” nonionic surfactantsavailable from ICI Americas, Inc. (Wilmington, Del.)), cocamidopropylbetaine, alkyl phenols, fatty acid esters of sorbitol, sorbitan, orpolyoxyethylene sorbitan. A specific non-limiting example of a non-ionicsurfactant is Glucopon® 215 (Cognis), an aqueous solution of alkylpolyglycosides based on a natural fatty alcohol C8-C10. Suitable anionicsurfactants include ammonium lauryl sulfate and lauryl ethersulfosuccinate.

In various non-limiting embodiments, a personal care product maycomprise water.

In various non-limiting embodiments, a compositions used in a personalcare product may comprise a hydrogel comprising, for example, a compoundsuch as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose(U-care polymers), ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose,hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide(polyox resins), and chitosan pyrrolidone carboxylate (Kytomer PC).

In various non-limiting embodiments, a personal care product maycomprise an alcohol or a mixture of alcohols, for example, ethanol,isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof; fattyalcohols, including, but not limited to, cetyl alcohol, myristolalcohol, stearyl alcohol, octyl alcohol, decyl alcohol and laurylalcohol, and mixtures thereof; and hexanol.

In various non-limiting embodiments, the compositions used in a personalcare product may comprise a silicone polymer, for example one or morethan one polydimethylsiloxane polymer (Dow Corning 225 Silicone Fluid),dimethiconol fluid in dimethicone (Dow Coming 1403 Silicone Fluid),cyclomethicone and dimethicone copolyl (Dow Coming 3225C SiliconeFluid), and silicone glycol (BASF 1066 DCG polyol).

In various non-limiting embodiments, a compositions used in a personalcare product may comprise an emollient solvent such as a glycidyl etherhaving an alkyl chain up to and including 18 carbon molecules andethoxylates and propoxylates thereof, a glyceryl ether having an alkylchain up to and including 18 carbon molecules and ethoxylates andpropoxylates thereof, a mono- or diglyceryl ether having an alkyl chainup to and including 18 carbon molecules and ethoxylates and propoxylatesthereof, ethoxylate and propoxylate ethers, ethoxy diglycol esters,ethyl hexyl alcohol propoxylate, and propylene glycol esther ethoxylatesand propoxylates, and Arlarnol (Altas).

In various non-limiting embodiments, a composition used in a personalcare product may comprise one or more additive such as a dye, fragrance,pH adjuster, including basic pH adjusters such as ammonia, mono-, di-and tri-alkyl amines, mono-, di- and tri-alkanolamines, alkali metal andalkaline earth metal hydroxides (e.g., ammonia, sodium hydroxide,potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, monoethanolamine, triethylamine,isopropylamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine); acid pH adjusterssuch as mineral acids and polycarboxylic acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid,nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, citric acid, glycolic acid,and lactic acid); a vitamin such as vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C;a polyamino acid or salt thereof, ethylenediamine tetraacidic acid(EDTA), a preservative such as Germall plus or DMDM hydantoin, and/or asunscreen such as aminobenzoic acid, arobenzone, cinoxate,diioxybenzone, homosalate, menthyl anthranilate, octocrylene, octylmethoxycinnamate, octyl salicylate, oxybenzoate, padimate O,phenylbenzimidazole, sulfonic acid, sulisobenzone, titanium dioxide,trolamine salicylate and zinc oxide.

In one set of non-limiting embodiments, a personal care composition hasboth antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory (AM-AI) activities, and, forexample, may be used as a skin cleanser or topical cream.

The present subject matter also provides for rapidly acting AMI handdisinfectant lotions. The combination of GSE, Benzyl alcohol and 1,3propanediol when used along with the anti inflammatory agent CRMN,edible plant extract (Kefiprotect®) and Pomegranate seed oil (PSO)exhibits additional antimicrobial activity.

The present subject matter also contemplates rapidly acting botanicalAM-AI hand disinfectant lotions.

In specific, non-limiting embodiments, the present subject matterprovides for the preparation of topical cream formulations containinganti-irritant, anti-inflammatory agents, gelling agents, and botanicalsfor minor cuts and wounds.

Antifungal activity of antifungal agents can be significantly enhancedby the use of a combination of alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, fruitacids, and optionally biguanide and benzalkonium chloride.

The present subject matter also provides formulations containing GSE,benzyl alcohol, Zemea®, THC, and a coconut based phospholipid foralcohol-based hand sanitizer (AHS) compositions.

The present subject matter also provides for alcohol free botanical handdisinfectant lotions comprising between about 0.5% and 2% (w/w) benzylalcohol; between about 0.3% and 2% (w/w) silicone fluid; between about0.1% and 0.5% (w/w) zinc oxide; between about 0.1% and 2% (w/w) fruitacid, for example, lactic acid or citric acid; between about 0.05% and1% (w/w) of one or more botanical selected from aloe gel, GSE, citrusextract, wasabi extract, willow bark extract, aspen bark extract andhoneysuckle extract; and between about 0.1% and 0.5% (w/w) of one ormore essential oil selected from oregano oil, pomegranate oil, rosemaryoil, lemongrass oil and cinnamon oil (e.g., cinnamon leaf oil orcinnamon bark oil). Such compositions can optionally comprise betweenabout 0.5% and 2% (w/w) farnesol, between about 0.05% and 0.3% (w/w)thymol, and/or between about 0.2% and 1% alkanediol.

Non-limiting examples of alcohol free botanical hand disinfectant lotionformulations are as follows.

Alcohol Free Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion A Ingredients Range (%w/w) Water  60-94.6 Hydroxypropyl methyl - 0.05-0.3  cellulose stearoxyether (Sangelose) Allantoin 0.1-0.3 Polowax NF 0.5-2.0 Incroquat TMS0.5-4.0 Stearyl alcohol 0.5-3.0 Vit. E acetate 0.02-0.2  Vit. C0.02-0.2  Zinc oxide 0.1-0.5 Glycerin 1.0-3.0 Butylene glycol 0.5-3.0Benzyl alcohol 0.5-2.0 Silicone fluid 0.3-2.0 Lactic acid 0.1-2.0 Aloegel 0.01-2.0  Symrelief 0.01-1.0  Pentanediol  0-1.0 Pomegranate oil 0-1.0 Oregano oil 0.1-0.3 Thymol 0.05-0.3  Rosemary oil 0.1-1.0Lemongrass oil 0.1-0.5 Grapefruit seed/other Citrus extract 0.3-1.0Wasabi extract 0.1-0.5 Benzoic acid 0.2-0.5 Sodium Benzoate 0.2-0.5Adjust pH to 5.5-6.0

A specific non-limiting specific example of an alcohol free botanicalhand disinfectant lotion formulation of the present application includesthe following formulation.

Alcohol Free Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion A Ingredients % w/wWater 89.25 Hydroxypropyl methyl - 0.2 cellulose stearoxy ether(Sangelose) Allantoin 0.3 Polowax NF 0.5 Incroquat TMS 0.5 Stearylalcohol 0.5 Vit. E acetate 0.1 Vit. C 0.1 Zinc oxide 0.3 Glycerin 2.0Butylene glycol 1.0 Benzyl alcohol 1.0 Silicone fluid 1.0 Lactic acid0.2 Aloe gel 1.0 Symrelief 0.05 Pomegranate oil 0.3 Oregano oil 0.1Thymol 0.1 Rosemary oil 0.1 Lemongrass oil 0.2 Grapefruit seed/otherCitrus extract 0.5 Wasabi extract 0.3 Benzoic acid 0.2 Sodium Benzoate0.2 Adjust pH to 5.5-6.0

A non-limiting general example of an alcohol free botanical handdisinfectant lotion formulation of the present application includes thefollowing formulation.

Alcohol Free Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion B Ingredients Range (%w/w) Water  60-94.6 Hydroxypropyl methyl - 0.05-0.3  cellulose stearoxyether (Sangelose) Allantoin 0.1-0.3 Polowax NF 0.5-2.0 Incroquat TMS0.5-4.0 Stearyl alcohol 0.5-3.0 Vit. E acetate 0.02-0.2  Vit. C0.02-0.2  Zinc oxide 0.1-0.5 Glycerin 1.0-3.0 Butylene glycol 0.5-3.0Benzyl alcohol 0.5-2.0 Silicone fluid 0.3-2.0 Lactic acid 0.1-2.0 Aloegel 0.01-2.0  Symrelief 0.01-1.0  Pentanediol 0.2-1.0 Pomegranate oil 0-1.0 Rosemary oil 0.05-1.0  Lemongrass oil 0.05-0.5  Cinnamon oil0.05-0.2  Farnesol//Bisabolol 0.3-2.0 Thymol 0.05-0.3  Willow Barkextract  0-2.0 Aspen Bark extract  0-2.0 Wasabi extract 0.1-0.5 Benzoicacid 0.2-0.5 Sodium Benzoate 0.2-0.5 Adjust pH to 5.5-6.0

A specific non-limiting specific example of an alcohol free botanicalhand disinfectant lotion formulation of the present application includesthe following formulation.

Alcohol Free Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion B Ingredients % w/wWater 86.90 Hydroxypropyl methyl - 0.2 cellulose stearoxy ether(Sangelose) Allantoin 0.3 Polowax NF 0.5 Incroquat TMS 0.5 Stearylalcohol 0.5 Vit. E acetate 0.1 Vit. C 0.1 Zinc oxide 0.3 Glycerin 2.0Butylene glycol 1.0 Benzyl alcohol 1.0 Silicone fluid 1.0 Lactic acid0.2 Aloe gel 1.0 Symrelief 0.05 Pentanediol 1.0 Pomegranate oil 0.3Rosemary oil 0.05 Lemongrass oil 0.1 Cinnamon oil 0.1Farnesol//Bisabolol 0.5 Thymol 0.1 Willow Bark extract 1.0 Aspen Barkextract 0.5 Wasabi extract 0.3 Benzoic acid 0.2 Sodium Benzoate 0.2Adjust pH to 5.5-6.0

A non-limiting general example of an alcohol free botanical handdisinfectant lotion formulation of the present application includes thefollowing formulation.

Alcohol Free Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion Ingredients Range (%w/w) Water  60-93.9 Soft cat polymer 0.1-0.5 Allantoin 0.1-0.3 PolowaxNF 0.5-2.0 Incroquat TMS 0.5-4.0 Stearyl alcohol 0.5-3.0 Isopropylmyristate 0.5-2.0 Arlacel 165 0.5-1.0 Vit. E acetate 0.02-0.5  Zincoxide 0.1-0.5 Glycerin 1.0-3.0 Butylene glycol 0.5-3.0 Lactic acid0.1-2.0 Benzyl alcohol 0.5-2.0 Silicone fluid 0.3-1.0 Lactic acid0.1-2.0 Aloe gel 0.01-2.0  Symrelief 0.01-1.0  Pentanediol  0-1.0Pomegranate oil  0-1.0 Rosemary oil 0.1-1.0 Lemongrass oil 0.1-0.5Honeysuckle extract 0.1-0.5 Wasabi extract 0.1-0.5 Benzoic acid 0.2-0.5Sodium Benzoate 0.2-0.5 Adjust pH to 5.5-6.0

A specific non-limiting specific example of an alcohol free botanicalhand disinfectant lotion formulation of the present application includesthe following formulation.

Alcohol Free Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion Ingredients % w/w Water82.35 Soft cat polymer 0.3 Allantoin 0.3 Polowax NF 2.0 Incroquat TMS2.0 Stearyl alcohol 2.0 Isopropyl myristate 1.0 Arlacel 165 1.0 Vit. Eacetate 0.1 Zinc oxide 0.3 Glycerin 2.0 Butylene glycol 1.0 Lactic acid0.2 Benzyl alcohol 1.0 Silicone fluid 1.0 Lactic acid 0.2 Aloe gel 0.5Symrelief 0.05 Pentanediol 1.0 Pomegranate oil 0.3 Rosemary oil 0.2Lemongrass oil 0.2 Honeysuckle extract 0.3 Wasabi extract 0.3 Benzoicacid 0.2 Sodium Benzoate 0.2 Adjust pH to 5.5-6.0

The present subject matter also provides for aqueous botanical handdisinfectant lotions containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals. Anon-limiting general example of such a formulation includes thefollowing.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion A Ingredients Range (% w/w)Water 49.7-85.1 Hydroxypropyl methyl - 0.05-0.2  cellulose stearoxyether (Sangelose) Allantoin 0.1-0.3 Polowax NF 0.5-2.0 Incroquat TMS0.5-4.0 Stearyl alcohol 0.5-3.0 Vit. E acetate 0.02-0.5  Glycerin1.0-3.0 Zinc oxide 0.1-0.5 Butylene glycol 0.5-3.0 Lactic acid 0.1-2.0Benzyl alcohol 0.5-2.0 Silicone fluid 0.3-2.0 Aloe gel 0.01-2.0  Plantbased alcohol (SDA40B from corn) 10-20 Pomegranate oil  0-1.0 Rosemaryoil 0.1-1.0 Lemongrass oil 0.1-0.5 Thymol 0.05-0.3  Honeysuckle extract0.1-1.0 Grapefruit seed/other citrus extract  0-0.5 Wasabi extract0.0-0.5 Benzoic acid 0.2-0.5 Sodium Benzoate 0.2-0.5 Adjust pH to5.5-6.0

A specific non-limiting specific example of an aqueous botanical handdisinfectant lotion containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of thepresent application includes the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion A Ingredients % w/w Water79.1 Hydroxypropyl methyl - 0.1 cellulose stearoxy ether (Sangelose)Allantoin 0.3 Polowax NF 0.5 Incroquat TMS 0.5 Stearyl alcohol 0.5 Vit.E acetate 0.1 Glycerin 1.0 Zinc oxide 0.3 Butylene glycol 1.0 Lacticacid 0.2 Benzyl alcohol 1.0 Silicone fluid 1.0 Aloe gel 2.0 Plant basedalcohol (SDA40B from corn) 10 Pomegranate oil 0.3 Rosemary oil 0.3Lemongrass oil 0.2 Thymol 0.1 Honeysuckle extract 0.3 Grapefruitseed/other citrus extract 0.5 Wasabi extract 0.3 Benzoic acid 0.2 SodiumBenzoate 0.2 Adjust pH to 5.5-6.0

A non-limiting general example of an aqueous botanical hand disinfectantlotion containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the presentapplication includes the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion B Ingredients Range (% w/w)Water  49.5-84.97 Hydroxypropyl methyl- 0.05-0.2  cellulose stearoxyether (Sangelose) Allantoin 0.1-0.3 Polowax NF 0.5-2.0 Incroquat TMS0.5-4.0 Stearyl alcohol 0.5-3.0 Vit. E acetate 0.02-0.5  Zinc oxide0.1-0.3 Glycerin 1.0-5.0 Benzyl alcohol 0.5-2.0 Silicone fluid 0.3-1.0Aloe gel 0.01-2.0  Plant based alcohol (SDA40B from corn) 10-20Pomegranate oil   0-1.0 Rosemary oil   0-1.0 Lemongrass oil 0.1-0.5Thymol 0.05-0.2  Wasabi extract 0.3-0.5 Willow Bark extract  0.-2.0Aspen Bark extract  0.-2.0 Farnesol/Bisabolol 0.3-1.0 Cationicsurfactant 0.3-1.0 Benzoic acid 0.2-0.5 Sodium Benzoate 0.2-0.5 AdjustpH to 5.5-6.0

A non-limiting specific example of an aqueous botanical handdisinfectant lotion containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of thepresent application includes the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion B Ingredients % w/w Water73.5 Hydroxypropyl methyl- 0.1 cellulose stearoxy ether (Sangelose)Allantoin 0.2 Polowax NF 0.5 Incroquat TMS 0.5 Stearyl alcohol 0.5 Vit.E acetate 0.1 Zinc oxide 0.3 Glycerin 1.0 Benzyl alcohol 1.0 Siliconefluid 2.0 Aloe gel 2.0 Plant based alcohol (SDA40B from corn) 15Pomegranate oil 0.3 Rosemary oil 0.1 Lemongrass oil 0.1 Thymol 0.1Wasabi extract 0.3 Willow Bark extract 0.5 Aspen Bark extract 0.5Farnesol/Bisabolol 0.5 Cationic surfactant 0.5 Benzoic acid 0.2 SodiumBenzoate 0.2 Adjust pH to 5.5-6.0

A non-limiting general example of an aqueous botanical hand disinfectantlotion containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the presentapplication includes the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion 1 Ingredients Range (% w/w)Water 49.2-84.1 Allantoin 0.1-0.3 Polowax NF 0.5-2.0 Incroquat TMS0.5-4.0 Stearyl alcohol 0.5-3.0 Isopropyl myristate 0.5-2.0 Arlacel 1650.5-1.0 Vit. E acetate 0.02-0.5  Zinc oxide 0.1-0.5 Glycerin 1.0-3.0Butylene glycol 0.5-3.0 Lactic acid 0.1-2.0 Benzyl alcohol 0.5-2.0Silicone fluid 0.3-1.0 Aloe gel 0.01-2.0  Plant based alcohol (SDA40Bfrom corn) 10-20 Pomegranate oil   0-1.0 Rosemary oil 0.3-1.0 Lemongrassoil 0.1-0.5 Grapefruit seed extract   0-0.5 Wasabi extract   0-0.5Benzoic acid 0.2-0.5 Sodium Benzoate 0.2-0.5 Adjust pH to 5.5-6.0

A non-limiting specific example of an aqueous botanical handdisinfectant lotion containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of thepresent application includes the following foiiiiulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion 1 Ingredients % w/w Water72.3 Allantoin 0.3 Polowax NF 2.0 Incroquat TMS 2.0 Stearyl alcohol 2.0Isopropyl myristate 1.0 Arlacel 165 1.0 Vit. E acetate 0.1 Zinc oxide0.3 Glycerin 2.0 Butylene glycol 1.0 Lactic acid 0.2 Benzyl alcohol 1.0Silicone fluid 1.0 Aloe gel 2.0 Plant based alcohol (SDA40B from corn)10 Pomegranate oil 0.3 Rosemary oil 0.3 Lemongrass oil 0.2 Grapefruitseed extract 0.3 Wasabi extract 0.3 Benzoic acid 0.2 Sodium Benzoate 0.2Adjust pH to 5.5-6.0

A non-limiting general example of an aqueous botanical hand disinfectantlotion containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the presentapplication includes the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion 2 Ingredients Range (% w/w)Water 52.3-85.3 Hydroxypropyl methyl- 0.05-0.2  cellulose stearoxy ether(Sangelose) Allantoin 0.1-0.3 Polowax NF 0.5-2.0 Incroquat TMS 0.5-4.0Stearyl alcohol 0.5-3.0 Vit. E acetate 0.02-0.5  Zinc oxide 0.1-0.5Glycerin 1.0-5.0 Benzyl alcohol 0.5-2.0 Silicone fluid 0.3-1.0 Aloe gel0.01-2.0  Plant based alcohol (SDA40B from corn) 10-20 Pomegranate oil  0-1.0 Rosemary oil   0-1.0 Lemongrass oil 0.1-0.5 Thymol 0.05-0.2 Galangal oil 0.02-0.5  Grapefruit seed extract   0-0.5 Wasabi extract  0-0.5 Farnesol/Bisabolol 0.3-1.0 Cetrimonium chloride 0.3-1.0 Benzoicacid 0.2-0.5 Sodium Benzoate 0.2-0.5 Adjust pH to 5.5-6.0

A non-limiting specific example of an aqueous botanical handdisinfectant lotion containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of thepresent application includes the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion 2 Ingredients % w/w Water73.15 Hydroxypropyl methyl- 0.1 cellulose stearoxy ether (Sangelose)Allantoin 0.2 Polowax NF 0.5 Incroquat TMS 0.5 Stearyl alcohol 0.5 Vit.E acetate 0.1 Zinc oxide 0.1 Glycerin 2.0 Benzyl alcohol 1.0 Siliconefluid 2.0 Aloe gel 2.0 Plant based alcohol (SDA40B from corn) 15Pomegranate oil 0.3 Rosemary oil 0.3 Lemongrass oil 0.2 Thymol 0.1Galangal oil 0.05 Grapefruit seed extract 0.5 Farnesol/Bisabolol 0.5Cetrimonium chloride 0.5 Benzoic acid 0.2 Sodium Benzoate 0.2 Adjust pHto 5.5-6.0

A non-limiting general example of an aqueous botanical hand disinfectantlotion containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the presentapplication includes the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion 3 Ingredients Range (% w/w)Water 52.3-85.3 Hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose stearoxy 0.05-0.2  ether(Sangelose) Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 0.05-0.2  Allantoin 0.1-0.4Propylene glycol 0.5-2.0 Polowax NF 0.5-2.0 Incroquat TMS 0.5-4.0Stearyl alcohol 0.5-3.0 Vit. E acetate 0.02-0.5  Zinc oxide 0.1-0.5Glycerin 1.0-5.0 Benzyl alcohol 0.5-2.0 Silicone fluid 0.3-1.0 Aloe gel0.01-2.0  Plant based alcohol (SDA40B from corn) 10-20 Pomegranate oil  0-1.0 Lemongrass oil 0.1-0.5 Thymol 0.05-0.2  Cinnamon oil 0.05-1.0 Bisabolol 0.01-1.0  Cetrimonium chloride 0.3-1.0 Adjust pH to 5.5-6.0

A non-limiting specific example of an aqueous botanical handdisinfectant lotion containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of thepresent application includes the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion 3 Ingredients % w/w Water73.95 Hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose stearoxy ether (Sangelose) 0.1Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 0.2 Allantoin 0.3 Propylene glycol 1.0Polowax NF 0.5 Incroquat TMS 1.5 Stearyl alcohol 0.5 Vit. E acetate 0.1Zinc oxide 0.3 Glycerin 2.0 Benzyl alcohol 1.0 Silicone fluid 2.0 Aloegel 0.5 Plant based alcohol (SDA40B from corn) 15 Pomegranate oil 0.2Lemongrass oil 0.1 Thymol 0.1 Cinnamon leaf oil 0.1 Bisabolol 0.05Cetrimonium chloride 0.5 Adjust pH to 5.5-6.0

The present subject matter also provides for aqueous botanical handdisinfectant foams containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals. Anon-limiting general example of such a formulation includes thefollowing.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Foam A Ingredients Range (% w/w)Water 52.7-89.9 Hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose stearoxy 0.05-0.2  ether(Sangelose) Allantoin 0.2-0.5 Grapefruit seed extract 0.3-1.0Solubulizer (Peg-40 hydrogenated 1-3 Castor oil, Trideceth 9, water)SDA-40 B (natural) 5.0-20  Benzyl alcohol 0.1-2.0 Pentylene glycol0.5-3.0 Phenoxyethanol 0.5-1.0 Aloe leaf juice 0.05-2.0  Bisabolol0.025-0.1  Wasabi extract 0.2-0.5 Honeysuckle extract 0.2-0.5 Linalool0.05-0.3  Lemongrass oil 0.02-2.0  Thymol 0.05-0.2  Phospholipid PTM(Croda)   0-1.0 Farnesol/Bisabolol 0.3-1.0 Cationic surfactant 0.5-2.0Benzoic acid 0.02-2.0  Glucopon 0.5-3.0 Silicone (silsurf) 0.5-2.0Adjust pH = 4.0-4.5

A non-limiting specific example of an aqueous botanical handdisinfectant foam containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of thepresent application includes the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Foam A Ingredients % w/w Water 78.15Hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose stearoxy ether (Sangelose) 0.1 Allantoin0.3 Grapefruit seed extract 0.5 Solubulizer (Peg-40 hydrogenated Castoroil, Trideceth 9, water) 2.0 SDA-40 B (natural) 10 Benzyl alcohol 1.0Pentylene glycol 1.0 Phenoxyethanol 1.0 Aloe leaf juice 0.5 Bisabolol0.05 Wasabi extract 0.3 Honeysuckle extract 0.3 Linalool 0.1 Lemongrassoil 0.2 Thymol 0.1 Phospholipid PTM (Croda) 0.5 Farnesol/Bisabolol 0.5Cationic surfactant 0.5 Benzoic acid 0.2 Glucopon 1.3 Silicone (silsurf)1.4 Adjust pH = 4.0-4.5

A non-limiting general example of an aqueous botanical hand disinfectantfoam containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the present applicationincludes the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Foam B Ingredients Range (% w/w)Water 54.7-90.8 Hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose stearoxy 0.05-0.2  ether(Sangelose) Allantoin 0.2-0.5 Solubulizer (Peg-40 hydrogenated 1-3Castor oil, Trideceth 9, water) SDA-40 B (natural) 5.0-20  Benzylalcohol 0.1-2.0 Pentylene glycol 0.5-3.0 Phenoxyethanol 0.5-1.0 Aloeleaf juice 0.05-2.0  Bisabolol 0.025-0.1  Linalool 0.05-0.3  Lemongrassoil 0.02-2.0  Farnesol 0.3-2.0 Thymol 0.05-0.2  Phospholipid PTM (Croda)  0-1.0 Benzoic acid 0.02-2.0  Cationic surfactant 0.3-1.0 Glucopon0.5-3.0 Silicone (silsurf) 0.5-2.0 Adjust pH = 4.0-4.5

A non-limiting specific example of an aqueous botanical handdisinfectant foam containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of thepresent application includes the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Foam B Ingredients % w/w Water 80.65Hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose stearoxy ether (Sangelose) 0.1 Allantoin0.3 Solubulizer (Peg-40 hydrogenated Castor oil, Trideceth 9, water) 2.0SDA-40 B (natural) 10 Benzyl alcohol 1.0 Pentylene glycol 1.0Phenoxyethanol 1.0 Aloe leaf juice 0.5 Bisabolol 0.05 Linalool 0.1Lemongrass oil 0.1 Farnesol 0.5 Thymol 0.1 Benzoic acid 0.2 Cationicsurfactant 0.5 Glucopon 0.5 Silicone (silsurf) 1.4 Adjust pH = 4.0-4.5

A non-limiting general example of an aqueous botanical hand disinfectantfoam containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the present applicationincludes the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Foam 1 Ingredients Range (% w/w)Water   58-91.5 Kytamer (Chitosan complex) 0.05-0.4  Allantoin 0.2-0.5Cetrimonium chloride 0.1-1.0 Honeysuckle extract 0.3-1.0 Solubulizer(Peg-40 hydrogenated 1-3 Castor oil, Trideceth 9, water) SDA-40 B(natural) 5.0-20  Benzyl alcohol 0.1-2.0 Phenoxyethanol 0.5-1.0 Aloeleaf juice 0.05-2.0  Bisabolol 0.025-0.1  Linalool 0.05-0.3  Lemongrassoil 0.02-2.0  Thymol 0.05-0.2  Galangal oil 0.02-0.5  Phospholipid PTM(Croda)   0-1.0 Benzoic acid 0.02-2.0  Glucopon 0.5-3.0 Silicone(silsurf) 0.5-2.0 Adjust pH = 4.0-4.5 or to pH = 5.5-6.0

A non-limiting specific example of an aqueous botanical handdisinfectant foam containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of thepresent application includes the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Foam 1 Ingredients % w/w Water 81.65Kytamer (Chitosan complex) 0.2 Allantoin 0.3 Cetrimonium chloride 0.5Honeysuckle extract 0.5 Solubulizer (Peg-40 hydrogenated Castor oil,Trideceth 9, water) 2.0 SDA-40 B (natural) 10 Benzyl alcohol 1.0Phenoxyethanol 1.0 Aloe leaf juice 0.5 Bisabolol 0.05 Linalool 0.1Lemongrass oil 0.2 Thymol 0.1 Galangal oil 0.05 Benzoic acid 0.1Glucopon 0.75 Silicone (silsurf) 1.0 Adjust pH = 4.0-4.5 or to pH =5.5-6.0

A non-limiting general example of an aqueous botanical hand disinfectantfoam containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the present applicationincludes the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Foam A1 Range Ingredients (% w/w)Water 53.7-90.3 Hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose stearoxy ether(Sangelose) 0.05-0.2  Allantoin 0.2-0.5 Grapefruit seed extract 0.3-1.0Solubulizer (Peg-40 hydrogenated Castor oil, 1-3 Trideceth 9, water)SDA-40 B (natural) 5.0-20  Benzyl alcohol 0.1-2.0 Pentylene glycol0.5-3.0 Phenoxyethanol 0.5-1.0 Aloe leaf juice 0.05-2.0  Bisabolol0.025-0.1  Linalool 0.05-0.3  Lemongrass oil 0.02-2.0  Thymol 0.05-0.2 Phospholipid PTM (Croda)   0-1.0 Farnesol/Bisabolol 0.3-1.0 Dehyquart-CAsurfactant 0.5-2.0 Benzoic acid 0.02-2.0  Glucopon 0.5-3.0 Silicone(silsurf) 0.5-2.0 Adjust pH = 4.0-4.5

A non-limiting specific example of an aqueous botanical handdisinfectant foam containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of thepresent application includes the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Foam A1 Ingredients % w/w Water78.75 Hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose stearoxy ether (Sangelose) 0.1Allantoin 0.3 Grapefruit seed extract 0.5 Solubulizer (Peg-40hydrogenated Castor oil, Trideceth 9, water) 2.0 SDA-40 B (natural) 10Benzyl alcohol 1.0 Pentylene glycol 1.0 Phenoxyethanol 1.0 Aloe leafjuice 0.5 Bisabolol 0.05 Linalool 0.1 Lemongrass oil 0.2 Thymol 0.1Phospholipid PTM (Croda) 0.5 Farnesol/Bisabolol 0.5 Dehyquart-CAsurfactant 0.5 Benzoic acid 0.2 Glucopon 1.3 Silicone (silsurf) 1.4Adjust pH = 4.0-4.5

A non-limiting general example of an aqueous botanical hand disinfectantfoam containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the present applicationincludes the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical hand Disinfectant Foam 2 Range Ingredients (% w/w)Water 54.7-90.8 Kytamer (Chitosan complex) 0.05-0.4  Allantoin 0.2-0.5Solubulizer (Peg-40 hydrogenated Castor oil, 1-3 Trideceth 9, water)SDA-40 B (natural) 5.0-20  Benzyl alcohol 0.1-2.0 Phenylethanol 0.1-1.0Aloe leaf juice 0.05-2.0  Bisabolol 0.025-0.1  Lemongrass oil 0.02-2.0 Thymol 0.05-0.2  Benzoic acid 0.02-2.0  Cinnamon oil 0.01-1.0  Oreganooil 0.01-1.0  Bergamot oil 0.01-1.0  Plantasol (Caprylyl caprylglucoside) 0.01-2.0  Biowax (PEG-8 dimethicone) 0.01-2.0  Adjust pH =4.0-4.5

A non-limiting specific example of an aqueous botanical handdisinfectant foam containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of thepresent application includes the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical hand Disinfectant Foam 2 Ingredients % w/w Water 74.83Kytamer (Chitosan complex) 0.05 Allantoin 0.2 Solubulizer (Peg-40hydrogenated Castor oil, Trideceth 9, water) 1.5 SDA-40 B (natural) 20Benzyl alcohol 1.0 Phenylethanol 0.3 Aloe leaf juice 0.5 Bisabolol 0.05Lemongrass oil 0.1 Thymol 0.1 Benzoic acid 0.2 Cinnamon oil 0.07 Oreganooil 0.07 Bergamot oil 0.03 Plantasol (Caprylyl capryl glucoside) 0.5Biowax (PEG-8 dimethicone) 0.5 Adjust pH = 4.0-4.5

The present subject matter also provides for natural alcohol foam handdisinfectants containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals. A non-limitinggeneral example of such a formulation includes the following.

Natural Alcohol Foam Hand Disinfectant Range Ingredients (% w/w) Water15-30 Hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose stearoxy ether (Sangelose)0.05-0.2  Allantoin 0.2-0.5 Wasabi extract 0.3-1.0 Grapefruit seedextract 0.0-1.0 Honeysuckle extract 0.0-1.0 Corn derived SDA-40 B(natural) 60.0-75.0 Lemongrass oil 0.05-1.0  Veg. Glycerin 0.5-3.0Benzyl alcohol 0.5-3.0 Benzoic acid 0.05-1.0  Bisabolol 0.02-0.5 Symsitive 0.05-1.0  Phenylethanol 0.1-2.0 Zemea (1,3-Propane diol)0.05-3.0  Farnesol 0.05-2.0  Aloe leaf juice 0.5-2.0 Dow Corning 1900.1-2.0 Ultrapure MFB-10 0.5-3.0

A non-limiting specific example of a natural alcohol foam handdisinfectant containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the presentapplication includes the following formulation.

Natural Alcohol Foam Hand Disinfectant Ingredients % w/w Water 23.2Hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose stearoxy ether (Sangelose) 0.05 Allantoin0.3 Wasabi extract 0.3 Corn derived SDA-40 B (natural) 67 Lemongrass oil0.2 Veg. Glycerin 2.0 Benzyl alcohol 1.0 Benzoic acid 0.2 Bisabolol 0.05Symsitive 0.2 Phenyl ethanol 0.7 Zemea (1,3-Propane diol) 1.0 Farnesol0.3 Aloe leaf juiee 0.5 Dow Corning 190 1.0 Ultrapure MFB-10 2.0

A non-limiting general example of a natural alcohol foam handdisinfectant containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the presentapplication includes the following formulation.

Natural Alcohol Foam Hand Disinfectant 1 Ingredients Range (% w/w) Water15-30 Kytamer (Chitosan complex) 0.05-0.4  Allantoin 0.2-0.5 Wasabiextract 0.3-1.0 Pluronic 0.0-1.0 Corn derived SDA-40 B (natural)60.0-75.0 Lemongrass oil 0.05-1.0  Veg. Glycerin 0.5-3.0 Benzyl alcohol0.5-3.0 Benzoic acid 0.05-1.0  Bisabolol 0.02-0.5  Phenyl ethanol0.1-2.0 Zemea (1,3-Propane diol) 0.05-3.0  Farnesol 0.05-2.0  Aloe leafjuice 0.5-2.0 Cinnamon oil 0.05-1.0  Dow Corning 190 0.1-2.0 PEG 10dimethicone (Ultrapure MFB-10) 0.5-3.0

A non-limiting specific example of a natural alcohol foam handdisinfectant containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the presentapplication includes the following formulation.

Natural Alcohol Foam Hand Disinfectant 1 Ingredients % w/w Water 22.3Kytamer (Chitosan complex) 0.05 Allantoin 0.2 Wasabi extract 0.3Pluronic 0.3 Corn derived SDA-40 B (natural) 67 Lemon grass oil 0.2 Veg.Glycerin 2.0 Benzyl alcohol 1.0 Benzoic acid 0.2 Bisabolol 0.05 Phenylethanol 1.0 Zemea (1,3-Propane diol) 1.0 Farnesol 0.3 Aloe leaf juice1.0 Cinnamon leaf oil 0.1 Dow Corning 190 1.0 PEG 10 dimethicone(Ultrapure MFB-10) 2.0

The present subject matter also provides for natural alcohol surgicalhand disinfectants containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals. Anon-limiting general example of such a formulation includes thefollowing.

Natural Alcohol Surgical Hand Disinfectant Range Ingredients (% w/w)Water  5.0-30.0 Hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose stearoxy ether(Sangelose) 0.05-0.2  Allantoin 0.2-0.5 Wasabi extract 0.1-1.0 Cornderived SDA-40 B (natural) 70.0-85.0 Lemongrass oil 0.05-1.0  Veg.Glycerin 0.5-3.0 Benzyl alcohol 0.5-3.0 Lactic acid 0.05-1.0  Farnesol0.05-2.0  Sensiva (Ethylhexyl glycerin) 0.05-3.0  Bisabolol 0.05-0.5 Symsitive 0.05-1.0  Phenylethanol 0.1-2.0 Zemea (1,3-Propanediol)0.05-3.0  Aloe leaf juice 0.5-2.0

A non-limiting specific example of a natural alcohol surgical handdisinfectant containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the presentapplication includes the following formulation.

Natural Alcohol Surgical Hand Disinfectant Ingredients % w/w Water 11.6Hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose stearoxy ether (Sangelose) 0.05 Allantoin0.3 Wasabi extract 0.3 Corn derived SDA-40 B (natural) 79 Lemongrass oil0.05 Veg. Glycerin 2.0 Benzyl alcohol 1.0 Lactic acid 0.2 Farnesol 1.0Sensiva (Ethylhexyl glycerin) 2.0 Bisabolol 0.1 Symsitive 0.2Phenylethanol 0.7 Zemea (1,3-Propanediol) 1.0 Aloe leaf juice 0.5

The present subject matter also provides for botanical disinfectantsoaps containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals. A non-limiting generalexample of such a formulation includes the following.

Botanical Disinfectant Soap A Ingredients Range (% w/w) Water 33.5-83  Pluronic F-87 prill 0.5-1.0 Methocel E4 M 0.1-0.5 PolyoxWSR 205 0.1-0.5Glucopon 2.0-3.0 Dow corning 190 silicone surfactant 0.5-3.0 Cocoamidopropyl Betaine   0-5.0 SDA 40 B alcohol 10-20 Lemongrass oil 0.05-2.0 Orange oil 0.01-0.5  Benzyl alcohol 0.5-3.0 Honeysuckle extract 0.1-2.0Lactic acid 0.1-2.0 SDA 40 B  2-20 Veg. Glycerin 0.5-2.0 Aloe leaf juice0.5-2.0

A non-limiting specific example of a botanical disinfectant soapcontaining benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the present applicationincludes the following formulation.

Botanical Disinfectant Soap A Ingredients % w/w Water 61.0 Pluronic F-87prill 1.00 Methocel E4 M 0.2 PolyoxWSR 205 0.3 Glucopon 2.0 Dow corning190 silicone surfactant 1.0 Cocoamido propyl Betaine 3.0 SDA 40 Balcohol 15.0 Lemongrass oil 0.2 Orange oil 0.1 Benzyl alcohol 2.0Honeysuckle extract 0.5 Lactic acid 0.2 SDA 40 B 12 Veg. Glycerin 1.0Aloe leaf juice 0.5

A non-limiting general example of a botanical disinfectant soapcontaining benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the present applicationincludes the following formulation.

Botanical Disinfectant Soap B Ingredients Range (% w/w) Water 32.5-82.7Pluronic F-87 prill 0.5-1.0 Methocel E4 M 0.1-0.5 PolyoxWSR 205 0.1-0.5Glucopon 2.0-3.0 Dow corning 190 silicone surfactant 0.5-3.0 Cocoamidopropyl Betaine   0-5.0 SDA 40 B alcohol 10-20 Lemongrass oil 0.05-2.0 Orange oil 0.01-0.5  Benzyl alcohol 0.5-3.0 Wasabi extract 0.1-2.0Farnesol 0.3-1.0 Lactic acid 0.1-2.0 SDA 40 B  2-20 Veg. Glycerin0.5-2.0 Aloe leaf juice 0.5-2.0

A non-limiting specific example of a botanical disinfectant soapcontaining benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the present applicationincludes the following formulation.

Botanical Disinfectant Soap B Ingredients % w/w Water 60.5 Pluronic F-87prill 1.00 Methocel E4 M 0.2 PolyoxWSR 205 0.3 Glucopon 2.0 Dow corning190 silicone surfactant 1.0 Cocoamido propyl Betaine 3.0 SDA 40 Balcohol 15.0 Lemongrass oil 0.2 Orange oil 0.1 Benzyl alcohol 2.0 Wasabiextract 0.5 Farnesol 0.5 Lactic acid 0.2 SDA 40 B 12 Veg. Glycerin 1.0Aloe leaf juice 0.5

A non-limiting general example of a botanical disinfectant soapcontaining benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the present applicationincludes the following formulation.

Botanical Disinfectant Soap Ingredients Range (% w/w) Water   50-93.0Pluronic F-87 prill 0.5-1.0 Methocel E4 M 0.1-0.5 PolyoxWSR 205 0.1-0.5Glucopon 2.0-3.0 Dow corning 190 silicone surfactant 0.5-3.0 Cocoamidopropyl Betaine   0-5.0 Lemongrass oil 0.05-2.0  Orange oil 0.01-0.5 Benzyl alcohol 0.5-3.0 Honeysuckle extract 0.1-2.0 Lactic acid 0.1-2.0SDA 40 B  2-20 Veg. Glycerin 0.5-2.0 Aloe leaf juice 0.5-2.0

A non-limiting specific example of a botanical disinfectant soapcontaining benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the present applicationincludes the following formulation.

Botanical Disinfectant Soap Ingredients % w/w Water 76.0 Pluronic F-87prill 1.00 Methocel E4 M 0.2 PolyoxWSR 205 0.3 Glucopon 2.0 Dow corning190 silicone surfactant 1.0 Cocoamido propyl Betaine 3.0 Lemongrass oil0.2 Orange oil 0.1 Benzyl alcohol 2.0 Honeysuckle extract 0.5 Lacticacid 0.2 SDA 40 B 12 Veg. Glycerin 1.0 Aloe leaf juice 0.5

In certain non-limiting embodiments, an anti-fungal, anti-itchcomposition is provided comprising from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 5%(w/w) benzyl alcohol and one or more compounds selected from the groupconsisting of:

(a) from about 0.04% (w/w) to about 0.5% (w/w) botanical extractselected from the group consisting of wasabi extract, honeysuckleextract, cedar wood extract, aspen bark extract, willow bark extract,Brahmi extract and combinations thereof;

(b) from about 0.04% (w/w) to about 1.05% (w/w) essential oil selectedfrom the group consisting of lemongrass oil, cinnamon oil, oregano oil,thymol, galangal oil, orange oil, pomegranate oil, calendula oil, curryleaf oil or combinations thereof; and

(c) from about 0.2% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w) natural organic acid.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, an anti-fungal, anti-itchcomposition is provided, as follows:

Ingredient Range (% w/w) White Petrolatum* 4-6 Stearyl Alcohol 13-17Isopropyl Myristate 5-7 Sorbitan Oleate 2-3 Polyoxyl 40 Stearate(Myrj52) 5-7 Water 50-60 Germall + 0.1-0.3 Propylene glycol 2-4 Lactic acid0.01-0.1  Zinc oxide 0.5-2.0 Calendula oil 0.5-1.0 Oat powder 1.0-2.0Brahmi extract 0.5-1.0 Resveratrol 0.3-1.0 Tetrahydrocurcuminoid0.05-0.1  Benzyl alcohol 0.01-0.1 

A non-limiting general example of an alcohol-free botanical handdisinfectant lotion containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of thepresent application, where a Phase A solution and a Phase B solution arefirst prepared separately and then mixed, includes the followingformulation.

Alcohol-free Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion Ingredients Range (%w/w) PHASE A Water 70-87 Allantoin 0.1-0.5 Methocel E4 M 0.1-0.5Hydroxypropyl methyl- 0.05-0.2  cellulose stearoxy ether (Sangelose) orKytomer Cetrimonium chloride 0.3-0.7 Propylene glycol 0.5-2.0 Glycerin1-5 Heat 50-60° C. 0.5-2.0 Incroquat TMS Polowax NF 0.5-2.0 Stearylalcohol 0.5-2.0 Zinc oxide 0.2-0.5 Silicone fluid (Dimethicone200/350)  1-3.0 Aloe juice 0.5-2.0 Bisabolol 0.05-0.2  Phase B Benzyl alcohol0.5-2.0 Thymol 0.05-0.2  Cinnamon oil 0.05-0.1  Lemongrass oil 0.1-0.2Pomegranate oil 0.2-0.4 Oregano oil 0.05-0.2  Lemon Extract 0.2-0.5Bergamot 0.03-0.05 Lactic acid 0.1-0.2

A non-limiting specific example of an alcohol-free botanical handdisinfectant lotion containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of thepresent application, where a Phase A solution and a Phase B solution arefirst prepared separately and then mixed, includes the followingformulation.

Alcohol-free Botanical Hand Disinfectant Lotion Ingredients % w/w PHASEA Water 87.45 Allantoin 0.3 Methocel E4 M 0.2 Hydroxypropyl methyl- 0.1cellulose stearoxy ether (Sangelose) or Kytomer Cetrimonium chloride 0.5Propylene glycol 1.0 Glycerin 3.0 Heat 50-60° C. 1.5 Incroquat TMSPolowax NF 0.5 Stearyl alcohol 0.5 Zinc oxide 0.3 Silicone fluid(Dimethicone200/350) 2.0 Aloe juice 0.5 Bisabolol 0.05 Phase B Benzylalcohol 1.0 Thymol 0.2 Cinnamon leaf oil 0.1 Lemongrass oil 0.1Pomegranate oil 0.2 Oregano oil 0.1 Lemon Extract 0.3 Bergamot 0.05Lactic acid 0.2

A non-limiting general example of an alcohol-free botanical handdisinfectant foam of the present application includes the followingformulation.

Alcohol-free Botanical hand Disinfectant Foam Ingredients Range % (w/w)Water 85-90 Kytamer (Chitoson complex) 0.05-0.2  Allantoin 0.1-0.3Solubulizer (Peg-40 hydrogented 1-4 Castor oil, Trideceth 9, water)Benzyl alcohol 0.5-2.0 Benzoic acid 0.1-0.3 Phenylethanol 0.2-0.5 Aloeleaf juice 0.5-2.0 Bisabolol 0.05-0.21 Lemon grass oil 0.1-0.2 Thymol0.05-0.2  Cinnamon oil 0.05-0.1  Oregano oil 0.05-0.1  Lemon extract0.2-0.5 Lactic acid 0.2 Plantasol (Caprylyl capryl glucoside) 0.5-1.0Biowax (PEG-8 dimethicone) 0.25-1.0  Coco amido propyl betaine 0.5-2.0Adjust pH = 4.0-4.5

A non-limiting specific example of an alcohol-free botanical handdisinfectant foam of the present application includes the followingformulation.

Alcohol-free Botanical hand Disinfectant Foam Ingredients % w/w Water92.3 Kytamer (Chitoson complex) 0.05 Allantoin 0.2 Solubulizer (Peg-40hydrogented 3.0 Castor oil, Trideceth 9, water) Benzyl alcohol 1.0Benzoic acid 0.2 Phenylethanol 0.3 Aloe leaf juice 0.5 Bisabolol 0.05Lemon grass oil 0.1 Thymol 0.1 Cinnamon leaf oil 0.10 Oregano oil 0.10Lemon extract 0.3 Lactic acid 0.2 Plantasol (Caprylyl capryl glucoside)0.5 Biowax (PEG-8 dimethicone) 0.5 Coco amido propyl betaine 0.5 AdjustpH = 4.0-4.5

4.14 Wound Healing

The compositions of the present subject matter may be used to promotewound healing and/or to inhibit surface infections. In variousnon-limiting embodiments, the compositions of the present subject mattermay be utilized in products such as topical creams and lotions, woundcare products, burn wound cream, decubitous ulcer cream (withanti-inflammatory botanicals and the use of silver sulfadiazene as ananti-microbial agent), and therapeutic ointments. The compositions ofthe present subject matter may also be applied to wound care items, suchas, but not limited to, wound healing ointments, wound coverings, burnwound cream, bandages, tape, and steri-strips, and medical articles suchas medical gowns, caps, face masks, and shoe-covers, surgical drops,etc.

In various non-limiting embodiments, a composition may comprise athickening and/or gelling agent such as stearyl alcohol, cationichydroxy ethyl cellulose (Ucare; JR30), hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose,hydroxy propyl cellulose (Klucel), chitosan pyrrolidone carboxylate(Kytamer), behenyl alcohol, zinc stearate, emulsifying waxes, includingbut not limited to Incroquat and Polawax, an addition polymer of acrylicacid, a resin such as Carbopol® ETD™ 2020, guar gum, acacia,acrylates/steareth-20 methacrylate copolymer, agar, algin, alginic acid,ammonium acrylate co-polymers, ammonium alginate, ammonium chloride,ammonium sulfate, amylopectin, attapulgite, bentonite, C9-15 alcohols,calcium acetate, calcium alginate, calcium carrageenan, calciumchloride, caprylic alcohol, carbomer 910, carbomer 934, carbomer 934P,carbomer 940, carbomer 941, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose,carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar, carrageenan, cellulose, cellulose gum,cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, corn starch, damar, dextrin,dibenzlidine sorbitol, ethylene dihydrogenated tallowamide, ethylenediolamide, ethylene distearamide, gelatin, guar gum, guarhydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, hectorite, hyaluronic acid, hydratedsilica, hydroxybutyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyleellulose,hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl stearamide-MIPA, isocetylalcohol, isostearyl alcohol, karaya gum, kelp, lauryl alcohol, locustbean gum, magnesium aluminium silicate, magnesium silicate, magnesiumtrisilicate, methoxy PEG-22/dodecyl glycol copolymer, methylcellulose,microcrystalline cellulose, montmorillonite, myristyl alcohol, oatflour, oleyl alcohol, palm kernel alcohol, pectin, PEG-2M, PEG-5M,polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, potassium alginate, potassiumaluminium polyacrylate, potassium carrageenan, potassium chloride,potassium sulfate, potato starch, propylene glycol alginate, sodiumacrylate/vinyl alcohol copolymer, sodium carboxymethyl dextran, sodiumcarrageenan, sodium cellulose sulfate, sodium chloride, sodiumpolymethacylate, sodium silicoaluminate, sodium sulfate, stearalkoniumbentotnite, stearalkonium hectorite, stearyl alcohol, tallow alcohol,TEA-hydrochloride, tragacanth gum, tridecyl alcohol, tromethaminemagnesium aluminium silicate, wheat flour, wheat starch, xanthan gum,abietyl alcohol, acrylinoleic acid, aluminum behenate, aluminumcaprylate, aluminum dilinoleate, aluminum salts, such as distearate, andaluminum isostearates, beeswax, behenamide, butadiene/acrylonitrilecopolymer, C29-70 acid, calcium behenate, calcium stearate, candelillawax, carnauba, ceresin, cholesterol, cholesterol hydroxystearate,coconut alcohol, copal, diglyceryl stearate malate, dihydroabietylalcohol, dimethyl lauramine oleate, dodecanoic acid/cetearylalcohol/glycol copolymer, erucamide, ethylcellulose, glyceryl triacetylhydroxystearate, glyceryl tri-acetyl ricinolate, glycol dibehenate,glycol di-octanoate, glycol distearate, hexanediol distearate,hydrogenated C6-14 olefin polymers, hydrogenated castor oil,hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated lard, hydrogenated menhadenoil, hydrogenated palm kernel glycerides, hydrogenated palm kernel oil,hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated polyisobutene, hydrogenated soybeanoil, hydrogenated tallow amide, hydrogenated tallow glyceride,hydrogenated vegetable glyceride, hydrogenated vegetable oil, Japan wax,jojoba wax, lanolin alcohol, shea butter, lauramide, methyldehydroabietate, methyl hydrogenated rosinate, methyl rosinate,methylstyrene/vinyltoluene copolymer, microcrystalline wax, montan acidwax, montan wax, myristyleicosanol, myristyloctadecanol,octadecene/maleic anhyrdine copolymer, octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate,oleamide, oleostearine, ouricury wax, oxidized polyethylene, ozokerite,paraffin, pentaerythrityl hydrogenated rosinate, pentaerythrityltetraoctanoate, pentaerythrityl rosinate, pentaerythrityl tetraabietate,pentaerythrityl tetrabehenate, pentaerythrityl tetraoleate,pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, ophthalmic anhydride/glycerin/glycidyldecanoate copolymer, ophthalmic/trimellitic/glycols copolymer,polybutene, polybutylene terephthalate, polydipentene, polyethylene,polyisobutene, polyisoprene, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl laurate,propylene glycol dicaprylate, propylene glycol dicocoate, propyleneglycol diisononanoate, propylene glycol dilaurate, propylene glycoldipelargonate, propylene glycol distearate, propylene glycoldiundecanoate, PVP/eiconsene copolymer, PVP/hexadecene copolymer, ricebran wax, stearlkonium bentonite, stearalkonium hectorite, stearamide,stearamide DEA-distearate, stearamide DIBA-stearate, stearamideMEA-stearate, stearone, stearyl erucamide, stearyl stearate, stearylstearoyl stearate, synthetic beeswax, synthetic wax, trihydroxystearin,triisononanoin, triisostearin, tri-isostearyl trilinoleate, trilaurin,trilinoleic acid, trilinolein, trimyristin, triolein, tripalmitin,tristearin, zinc laurate, zinc myristate, zinc neodecanoate, zincrosinate, and mixtures thereof. The gelling agents used in vehicles maybe natural gelling agents such as natural gums, starches, pectins, agarand gelatin. Often, the gelling agents are based on polysaccharides orproteins Examples include but are not limited to guar gum, Xanthum gum,Alginic acid (E400), sodium alginate (E401), potassium alginate (E402),ammonium alginate (E403), calcium alginate (E404, -polysaccharides frombrown algae), Agar (E406, a polysaccharide obtained from red seaweeds),Carrageenan (E407, a polysaccharide obtained from red seaweeds), Locustbean gum (E410, a natural gum from the seeds of the Carob tree), Pectin(E440, a polysaccharide obtained from apple or citrus-fruit), andGelatin (E441, made by partial hydrolysis of animal collagen).

Various embodiments may comprise a stabilizer. In a non-limitingexample, sodium perborate is used as the stabilizing agent in an amountranging from about 0.3 to about 1% w/w.

Various embodiments of the application may further comprise asurfactant. The surfactant may be an anionic surfactant, a cationicsurfactant, an ampholytic surfactant, or a nonionic surfactant. Examplesof nonionic surfactants include polyethoxylates, fatty alcohols (e.g.,ceteth-20 (a cetyl ether of polyethylene oxide having an average ofabout 20 ethylene oxide units) and other “BRIJ®S” nonionic surfactantsavailable from ICI Americas, Inc. (Wilmington, Del.)), cocamidopropylbetaine, alkyl phenols, fatty acid esters of sorbitol, sorbitan, orpolyoxyethylene sorbitan. Suitable anionic surfactants include ammoniumlauryl sulfate and lauryl ether sulfosuccinate. Preferred surfactantsinclude lauroyl ethylenediamine triacetic acid sodium salt, PluronicF87, Masil SF-19 (BASF) and incromide.

Water used in the formulations described herein is preferably deionizedwater having a neutral pH.

In specific non-limiting embodiments, the present subject matterprovides for a wound healing topical cream containing silversulfadiazine, an insoluble zinc salt, a soluble zinc salt and calendulaoil. In another non-limiting embodiment, the present subject matterprovides for a wound healing topical cream containing silversulfadiazine, an insoluble zinc salt, a soluble zinc salt, calendulaoil, and anti inflammatory agents such as a curcumin compound.

Non-limiting examples of cream products may further contain whitepetrolatum (2-20%), fatty alcohol (2-20%), emollient (1-10%),emulsifying agent (0.5-10%), humectant (2-15%), preservative (0.1-0.5%),and deionized or distilled water q.s. 100%. Fatty alcohols includestearyl, alcohol, cetyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, andother known fatty alcohols. Emollients include isopropyl myristate,lanolin, lanolin derivatives, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate,emu oil, linseed oil and other known emollients. Emulsifying agentsinclude sodium mono-oleate and polyoxyl 40 stearate. Humectants includepropylene glycol, sorbitol, or glycerine or mixture thereof. Suitablewater soluble preservatives include parabens, sorbic acid, benzoic acid,diazolidinyl urea, and iodopropylbutylcarbamate (Germal+).

The present subject matter provides for botanical wound healing gelformulation comprising benzyl alcohol and botanicals. A non-limitinggeneral example of such a formulation includes the following.

Botanical Wound Healing Gel Ingredients Range (% w/w) Echinacea purpuriaextract 0.1-1.0 Pomegranate oil 0.1-1.0 Rosemary oil 0.1-1.0 Lemongrassoil 0.1-0.5 Cinnamon oil   0-0.5 Thymol 0.05-0.2  Benzoic acid 0.2-0.5Sodium Benzoate 0.2-0.5 Curcumin 0.05-0.7  Oatmeal 0.5-5.0 Ascorbic acid(Vitamin C) 0.5-2.0 Calendula Oil 0.3-1.0 Benzyl alcohol 0.1-0.5 ZincOxide 0.2-1.0 Zinc stearate 0.2-1.0 Glycerin  5.0-20.0 Buckthorn oil  0-0.5 Virgin coconut oil   0-2.0 Almond oil 0.1-1.0 Emu oil   0-2.0Water 54.1-91.9 Aloe gel 0.25-5.0  Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose andderivatives 0.1-1.0 Adjust pH to 5.0-6.0

A non-limiting specific example of a botanical wound healing gelformulation containing benzyl alcohol and botanicals of the presentapplication includes the following formulation.

Botanical Wound Healing Gel Ingredients % w/w Echinacea purpuria extract0.3 Pomegranate oil 0.3 Rosemary oil 0.3 Lemongrass oil 0.1 Cinnamon oil0.2 Thymol 0.1 Benzoic acid 0.2 Sodium Benzoate 0.2 Curcumin 0.5 Oatmeal1.0 Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 1.0 Calendula Oil 0.5 Benzyl alcohol 0.5Zinc Oxide 0.3 Zinc stearate 0.3 Glycerin 10.0 Buckthorn oil 0.3 Virgincoconut oil 1.0 Almond oil 0.3 Water 80.3 Aloe gel 2.0Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and derivatives 0.3 Adjust pH to 5.0-6.0

4.15 Veterinary Products

In a subset of non-limiting embodiments, the present subject matterprovides for veterinary products for care of any domestic animal,including but not limited to cats, dogs, birds, rodents, rabbits,horses, cows and cattle, sheep, goats, etc.

Non-limiting examples of veterinary care products which may utilize thecompositions of the present subject matter include pet shampoo, petcleansing wipes including body wipes, ear wipes, and eye wipes, dentalwipes, toothpaste, ear cleaning liquid, cage cleaner, surface cleanerfor housebreaking accidents, topical creams, ointments, teat diptherapeutic for mastitis and liquid to be applied to pet's skin (as in a“body splash”).

Veterinary care compositions according to the application may furthercomprise one or (preferably) more than one component selected from thegroup consisting of emollients, stabilizing agents, thickening agents,humectants, antimicrobial agents, neutralizing agents, surfactants,water, silicone polymers, alcohols, and hydrogels, anti-inflammatoryagents, wound healing agents, salicylic acid, as well as additionalcomponents as may be known in the art.

Specific, non-limiting examples of additional components which may becomprised in pet care products include the components listed above forpersonal care products.

In certain non-limiting embodiments of the application, the compositionsmay be prepared for teat dip to treat mastitis. The anti-irritants usedfor teat dip may include but are not limited to zinc salts withpanthenol, or Bisabolol with ginger root extract (symrelief), orsymrelief with a zinc salt. The gelling agents in the vehicle mayinclude but are not limited to natural gelling agents such as naturalgums, starches, pectins, agar and gelatin. Antimicrobial botanicals mayinclude but are not limited to lemongrass oil, orange oil and fruitacids such as citric and lactic acid, phenoxyethanol (constituent ofsage oil).

4.16 Household/Industrial Products

In a subset of non-limiting embodiments, the present subject matterprovides for household/industrial products comprising the formulationsoutlined above.

Non-limiting embodiments of household/industrial products which mayutilize the compositions of the present subject matter includehouseholder cleaners such as concentrated liquid cleaners and spraycleaners, cleaning wipes, dish washing liquid, dish washer detergent,spray-mop liquid, furniture polish, indoor paint, outdoor paint, dustingspray, laundry detergent, fabric softener, rug/fabric cleaner, windowand glass cleaner, toilet bowl cleaner, liquid/cream cleanser, etc. In aparticular embodiment, the compositions of the present subject mattermay be used in a food wash product, designed to clean fruits andvegetables prior to consumption. “Household products” are products,other than personal care products, that would be used by individualconsumers. “Industrial products” refers to products that are used inindustry.

Household-industrial compositions according to the application maycomprise one or more component selected from the group consisting ofsurfactants, builders (e.g., sequestering builders, precipitatingbuilders, ion exchange builders), solvents, thickeners, abrasives,acids, bases (alkalis), antimicrobial agents, soaps, bleaching agents,enzymes, preservatives, and sudsing agents, as well as additionalcomponents as may be known in the art.

In various non-limiting embodiments, the compositions may comprise asurfactant, for example, but not limited to, an anionic surfactant suchas an alkyl sulfate, an alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonate salt (e.g., theDOWFAX series by the Dow Chemical Company), an alkylbenzenesulfonate, analcohol ethoxysulfate; a cationic surfactant; a non-ionic surfactant,such as a secondary alcohol ethoxylate (e.g., the TERGITAOL series bythe Dow Chemical Company) or an alkyl polyglucoside (e.g., the TRITONseries by the Dow Chemical Company); or an amphoteric surfactant such asan imidazoline or betaine compound.

In various non-limiting embodiments, the compositions may comprise asolvent, for example, but not limited to, water, an alcohol such asmethanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or butanol; a hydrocarbon such asan aromatic hydrocarbon, propylene glycol, methylene chloride, acetone,a petroleum distillate, and/or a glycol ether.

In various non-limiting embodiments, the compositions used in ahousehold/industrial product may comprise a thickener, for example, butnot limited to, a polyethylene glycol. a methoxypolyethylene glycol,and/or hydroxyethyl cellulose.

In various non-limiting embodiments, the compositions used in ahousehold/industrial product may comprise an abrasive, such as, but notlimited to, silica, feldspar or calcite.

In various non-limiting embodiments, the compositions used in ahousehold/industrial product may comprise an acid, such as, but notlimited to, acetic acid, hydroacetic acid, phosphoric acid orhydrochloric acid.

In various non-limiting embodiments, the compositions used in ahousehold/industrial product may comprise a base (alkali) such as, butnot limited to, ammonia or sodium bicarbonate.

In various non-limiting embodiments, the compositions used in ahousehold/industrial product may comprise an antimicrobial agent, forexample, but not limited to, compounds as set forth above for personalcare compositions, and also pine oil and sodium hypochlorite.

In various non-limiting embodiments, the compositions used in ahousehold/industrial product may comprise a bleaching agent, forexample, but not limited to, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide,sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate.

In various non-limiting embodiments, the compositions used in ahousehold/industrial product may comprise an enzyme, such as, but notlimited to, a protease or a lipase.

In various non-limiting embodiments, the compositions used in ahousehold/industrial product may comprise a preservative, such as, butnot limited to, butylated hydroxytoluene, glutaraldehyde, and EDTA.

In various non-limiting embodiments, the compositions used in ahousehold/industrial product may comprise a sudsing agent, such as, butnot limited to, diethanolamine or triethanolamine.

In specific, non-limiting embodiments, the present subject matterprovides for the following surface cleaners, having concentrations ofactive ingredients as well as concentrated stock solutions of theseformulations which may be diluted to achieve the respectiveconcentrations.

In a subset of non-limiting embodiments, the present subject matterprovides for preservatives and surface disinfectants comprising theformulations outlined above.

In non-limiting embodiments, preservatives and surface disinfectants ofthe present subject matter include the following general formulation.

Botanical Preservative A Ingredient Range (% w/w) Benzyl alcohol45.0-82.0 Thymol  5.0-10.0 Galangal oil  5.0-10.0 Cinnamon oil  2.0-10.0Lemongrass oil 1.0-5.0 Wasabi extract 5.0-20  Use level is 0.20 to 1.0%

In non-limiting embodiments, preservatives and surface disinfectants ofthe present subject matter include the following specific formulation.

Botanical Preservative A Ingredient % w/w Benzyl alcohol 73.6 Thymol 7.4Galangal oil 7.4 Cinnamon oil 2.9 Lemongrass oil 1.4 Wasabi extract 7.3Use level is 0.20 to 1.0%

In non-limiting embodiments, preservatives and surface disinfectants ofthe present subject matter include the following general formulation.

Botanical Surface Disinfectant A Ingredients Range (% w/w) Lemongrassoil 0.5-2.5 Pine oil 0.1-1.0 Glucopon 215 UP  5-25 Citric acid  2-10 SDA3C 2.5-35  Benzyl alcohol 2.5-27  Water  0-90

In non-limiting embodiments, preservatives and surface disinfectants ofthe present subject matter include the following specific formulation.

Botanical Surface Disinfectant A Ingredients % w/w Lemongrass oil 0.5Pine oil 0.1 Glucopon 215 UP 5.0 Citric acid 2.0 SDA 3C 7.0 Benzylalcohol 5.4 Water 80

In non-limiting embodiments, preservatives and surface disinfectants ofthe present subject matter include the following general formulation.

Botanical Surface Disinfectant B Ingredients Range (% w/w) Lemongrassoil 0.5-2.5 Pine oil 0.1-1.0 Glucopon 215 UP  5-25 Citric acid  2-10Benzyl alcohol 10-30 Water 31.5-69.4

In non-limiting embodiments, preservatives and surface disinfectants ofthe present subject matter include the following specific formulation.

Botanical Surface Disinfectant B Ingredients % w/w Lemongrass oil 0.5Pine oil 0.1 Glucopon 215 UP 5.0 Citric acid 2.0 Benzyl alcohol 17 Water31.5-69.4

In non-limiting embodiments, preservatives and surface disinfectants ofthe present subject matter include the following general formulation.

Hard Surface Disinfectant C Ingredients Range (% w/w) Sodiumhypochlorite 0.5-3.0 Lemongrass oil 0.5-2.5 Pine oil 0.1-1.0 Glucopon215 UP  5-25 Citric acid  2-10 Water 28.5-86.9 Benzyl alcohol  5-30

In non-limiting embodiments, preservatives and surface disinfectants ofthe present subject matter include the following specific formulation.

Hard Surface Disinfectant C Ingredients % w/w Sodium hypochlorite 1.0Lemongrass oil 0.5 Pine oil 0.1 Glucopon 215 UP 5.0 Citric acid 2.0Water 81.4 Benzyl alcohol 10

In non-limiting embodiments, preservatives and surface disinfectants ofthe present subject matter include the following general formulation.

Botanical Surface Disinfectant LG-50 Ingredients Range (% w/w)Lemongrass oil  2.5-10.0 Pine oil 0.5-5.0 Glucopon 215 UP 25-50 Citricacid 10-20 SDA 3C 20-40 Water 20-40

In non-limiting embodiments, preservatives and surface disinfectants ofthe present subject matter include the following specific formulation.

Botanical Surface Disinfectant LG-50 Ingredients % w/w Lemongrass oil2.5 Pine oil 0.5 Glucopon 215 UP 25 Citric acid 10 SDA 3C 35 Water 27

Botanical disinfectant Spray Ingredients % (w/w) Benzyl alcohol   2-5.0Lemongrass oil 0.3-0.5 Pine oil 0.1-0.3 Thymol 0.05-0.2  Lactic acid1.0-2.0 Citrus) Lemon) extract 0.3-0.5 SDA 40 B 35-50 Non ionicsurfactant (Glucopon) 0.3-0.7 Water 50-55

In a subset of non-limiting embodiments, the present subject matterprovides for medical devices comprising the formulations outlined above.

Implantation of a medical device produces rapid inflammatory reaction atthe implantation site. This may result in the formation of a biofilm onthe surface of the medical device. The biofilm on the surface of amedical device serves as a receptor for microbes resulting in microbialadhesion. Prevention of inflammation around the implanted medical devicecan prevent bacterial adherence on the device. This may be achieved bymaintaining an inflammation and infection-free environment around thedevice by coating and/or impregnating the device with anti inflammatoryagents and antimicrobials.

Anti-inflammatory antimicrobial compositions comprising a combination ofbenzyl alcohol, 1,3 propanediol and THC (with or without otherantimicrobials such as chlorhexidine and silver salts) can be used tocoat or impregnate medical devices such as catheters, wound dressing,soft tissue patches, etc.

4.18 Pesticides

In a subset of non-limiting embodiments, the present subject matterprovides for pesticides comprising the formulations outlined above. In anon-limiting general example, pesticides of the present subject matterinclude the following formulation.

Botanical Plant Pesticide Ingredients Range (% w/w) Benzyl alcohol  5-20Tobacco extract 0.01-2.0  Lemongrass oil 0.01-2.0  Curry leaf oil0.01-2.0  Cedar wood oil 0.5-4.0 Cocoamido propyl betaine 0.5-5.0 Water  60-93.83 Tea extract 0.1-3.0 Solubilizer 0.0-2.0For use, the above composition can be diluted 1 to 10 with, for examplewater.

In a non-limiting specific example, pesticides of the present subjectmatter include the following formulation.

Botanical Plant Pesticide Ingredients % w/w Benzyl alcohol 10 Tobaccoextract 0.2 Lemongrass oil 1.0 Curry leaf oil 0.5 Cedar wood oil 2.0Cocoamido propyl betaine 2.0 Water 82.8 Tea extract 0.5 Solubilizer 1.0

For use, the above composition can be diluted 1 to 10 with, for examplewater.

5. EXAMPLES

The detailed description hereby incorporates, by reference, the specificworking examples of the application set forth below.

The working examples sometimes refer to Dial® soap. Dial® soap is acommercially sold liquid soap, where Dial® Antibacterial hand soapcomprises, as active agent, 0.15 percent triclosan, and the inactiveagents are water, sodium laureth sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, decylglucoside, cocamidopropyl betaine, glycerine, sodium chloride, PEG-18gylceryl oleate/cocoate, fragrance, cocamide MEA, DMDM hydantoin,tetrasodium ethylene diamine tetracetic acid and colors.

Example 1 Antimicrobial Efficacy of an Aqueous Botanical HandDisinfectant Foam A: Rapid (15 Second) and Broad Spectrum AntibacterialEfficacy

The FDA TFM method (modified slightly by using lower volumes ofsanitizer and microbe culture, but in the same proportion) for testingthe efficacy to rapidly kill bacteria was used. The rapid antibacterialactivity (15 seconds exposure) of the hand foam of the present subjectmatter was tested against various organisms listed in Table 1. The handfoam tested comprised the following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Foam A Ingredients % w/w Water 78.15Hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose stearoxy ether (Sangelose) 0.1 Allantoin0.3 Grapefruit seed extract 0.5 Solubulizer (Peg-40 hydrogenated Castoroil, Trideceth 9, water) 2.0 SDA-40 B (natural) 10 Benzyl alcohol 1.0Pentylene glycol 1.0 Phenoxyethanol 1.0 Aloe leaf juice 0.5 Bisabolol0.05 Wasabi extract 0.3 Honeysuckle extract 0.3 Linalool 0.1 Lemongrassoil 0.2 Thymol 0.1 Phospholipid PTM (Croda) 0.5 Farnesol/Bisabolol 0.5Cationic surfactant 0.5 Benzoic acid 0.2 Glucopon 1.3 Silicone (silsurf)1.4 Adjust pH = 4.0-4.5

Method:

Briefly, hand foam (0.8 ml) was placed in a sterile culture tube and 0.2ml of 10⁹ cfu/ml of test bacterial culture (or 10⁷ cfu/ml of Candidaculture), diluted 1:1 with bovine adult serum, was added and mixed.After 15 s, the antimicrobial activity was stopped with drugneutralizing fluid (DNF). Serial dilutions were made with DNF, andaliquots were subcultured on trypticase soy agar to determine the numberof microbial colonies per sample. For controls, phosphate bufferedsaline (PBS) containing the same bacterial cultures were used instead ofthe test formulation. The antibacterial activity was calculated bydetermining the difference in log₁₀ colony-forming units (cfu) betweencontrol (Phosphate buffer saline) and test samples (i.e., log₁₀reduction). 3 experiments, each containing triplicate samples in eachgroup, were performed. For comparison, triclosan and PCMX containingsoap, and an alcohol (62%) hand sanitizer, were tested similarly at thesame time.

TABLE 1 Rapid and broad antimicrobial efficacy of an aqueous botanicalhand disinfectant foam and Purell by the FDA TFM method* % kill PurellAqueous Botanical Organism (62% Ethyl Alcohol) hand disinfectant foam S.aureus >99.99 >99.99 ATCC# 6538 P. aeruginosa >99.99 >99.9 ATCC#15442 E.coli >99.999 >99.999 ATCC#35218 MRSA >99.99 >99.9 ATCC#4716 S.epidermidis ND 99.9 ATCC# 35983 E. faecalis ND >99.9 ATCC# 29212 VREF ND99.9 Clinical isolate S. marcescens ND >99.999 ATCC# 14756 A. baumanniND 99.9 Clinical isolate E. aerogenes ND >99.999 ATCC#14053 K.pneumonia >99.99 >99.999 ATCC# 13883 S. typhimurium ND >99.999ATCC#14028 C. albicans ND >99.999 ATCC#10231 ND = Not done *FDA TFM =Tentative Final Monograph; ATCC = American Type Culture Collection; MRSA= Methicillin-resistant S. aureus; VREF = Vancomycin-resistant E.faecalis. The control growth ranged from 5 × 10⁸ to 1 × 10⁹ cfu/ml.Results are the average of twelve samples in each group.

Example 2 Rapid and Persistent Antibacterial Efficacy of an AqueousBotanical Hand Disinfectant Foam A

A pigskin test method was used to examine the antimicrobial efficacy ofan aqueous botanical hand disinfectant. The pigskin test simulates theVolunteer method of the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM) E-1174 (Test organism: S. aureus). The hand foam tested comprisedthe following formulation.

Aqueous Botanical Hand Disinfectant Foam A Ingredients % w/w Water 78.15Hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose stearoxy ether (Sangelose) 0.1 Allantoin0.3 Grapefruit seed extract 0.5 Solubulizer (Peg-40 hydrogenated Castoroil, Trideceth 9, water) 2.0 SDA-40 B (natural) 10 Benzyl alcohol 1.0Pentylene glycol 1.0 Phenoxyethanol 1.0 Aloe leaf juice 0.5 Bisabolol0.05 Wasabi extract 0.3 Honeysuckle extract 0.3 Linalool 0.1 Lemongrassoil 0.2 Thymol 0.1 Phospholipid PTM (Croda) 0.5 Farnesol/Bisabolol 0.5Cationic surfactant 0.5 Benzoic acid 0.2 Glucopon 1.3 Silicone (silsurf)1.4 Adjust pH = 4.0-4.5

Method:

3 cm² pieces of pigskins were prepared and each piece was mounted on apetri dish. For the baseline count determinations, 2 skin samples wererinsed under running tap water for 30 seconds and then lathered using0.5 ml of non-antibacterial soap by rubbing both pieces together for 30seconds. The pair was then rinsed under running tap water for 30 secondsand blot dried. Each piece of pigskin was contaminated with 15 μl of 10⁷cfu/ml S. aureus culture and rubbed against each other for 30 secondsand dried for 30 seconds. The organisms were recovered from the skin byrinsing each piece with 10 ml of DNF for 15 seconds and collecting thewash. Aliquots from serial dilutions were uniformly spread on TSAplates, incubated for 24-48 hours at 37° C. To evaluate the efficacy ofthe test sanitizers, the same skin pieces used for baseline countdeterminations were rinsed under running tap water, washed withnon-antibacterial soap, and recontaminated. After the 30-second dryingperiod, 0.5 ml of the test sanitizer was applied on the skin andlathered for 30 seconds. After rinsing, the bacteria were recovered asdescribed above. The contamination and sanitizer applications wererepeated an additional 9 times. The bacterial counts after 1 and 10applications were determined and the difference in log₁₀ colony-formingunits (cfu) between the baseline and test samples were calculated (log₁₀reduction). The antimicrobial activity of the hand disinfectant foam isshown below in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Rapid and persistent antibacterial efficacy of hand disinfectantfoam A after repeated applications by the pig skin method (testorganisms S. aureus (ATCC 6538)) Log₁₀ reduction from control growth,mean ± SD Test Soap S. aureus Alcohol hand sanitizer (Purell) After1^(st) application 1.8 ± 0.08 After 10^(th) application 1.9 ± 0.05Aqueous botanical hand disinfectant foam A After 1^(st) application 2.6± 0.06 After 10^(th) application 3.0 ± 0.05 Control counts ranged from 1× 10⁵ to 5 × 10⁵ cfu/ml. Results are the average of twelve samples ineach group. Conclusion: As per US FDA-TFM criteria, the required log₁₀reduction from control counts is 2.0 log after a first application forrapid antimicrobial activity, and 3.0 log after tenth application forpersistent antimicrobial activity. Unlike the alcohol sanitizer Purell,an aqueous botanical hand disinfectant foam of the present subjectmatter exhibits the required US FDA-TFM criteria log reduction.

Example 3

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of a Surface disinfectant: InVitro Rapid Kill (15 Seconds) of S. aureus

Method:

Surfactant (0.8 ml) was placed in a sterile culture tube and 0.2 ml of10⁹ cfu/ml of test bacterial culture diluted 1:1 with bovine adult serumwas added and mixed. After 15 s, the antimicrobial activity was stoppedwith drug neutralizing fluid (DNF). Serial dilutions were made with DNFand aliquots were subcultured on trypticase soy agar to determine thenumber of microbial colonies per sample. For controls, phosphatebuffered saline (PBS) containing the same bacterial cultures was usedinstead of the test formulation. The antibacterial activity wascalculated by determining the difference in log₁₀ colony-forming units(cfu) between control (phosphate buffer saline) and test samples (i.e.,log₁₀ reduction). The surface disinfectant tested comprised thefollowing formulation.

Botanical Surface Disinfectant LG-50 Ingredients % w/w Lemongrass oil2.5 Pine oil 0.5 Glucopon 215 UP 25 Citric acid 10 SDA 3C 35 Water 27

The antimicrobial activity of the surface disinfectant is shown below inTable 3.

TABLE 3 Log reduction from Compositions control growth % kill Surfacedisinfectant LG-50 7.0 100 Proquart (Clorox)* 3.85 99.95 (1 oz dilutedto 1 Gallon) Proquart (Clorox)* 4.26 99.99 (2 oz diluted to 1 Gallon)*These contain long chain quaternary ammonium compounds Controlbacterial counts: 8.5-9.9 log₁₀ Dilutions of Proquart were made asdescribed in the instructions on the product label: Proquart 0.17%quaternary ammonium compound (1 oz. and 2 oz.) was diluted to 1 gallon.Conclusion. The botanical surface disinfectant showed higherantimicrobial efficacy than Proquart.

Example 4 Efficacy of Disinfectants on Bacteria Dried on Ceramic TilesFollowing a 10 Minute Exposure to Compositions of the ApplicationMethod:

In this experiment, S. aureus, MRSA and E. coli were used as the testorganisms. Ceramic tiles with dimensions of 5×15 cm² were cleaned firstwith water and then with 70% ethanol and dried. Approximately 0.1 ml of1×10⁷ cfu/ml of each microorganism was spread evenly on the surfaces ofthe tiles using a sterile glass rod, and allowed to dry for 1 hour. 0.3ml of surface cleanser of the present subject matter was spread onto thetiles and allowed to dry at room temperature for 10 minutes. The tilesurface was rinsed using 9.7 ml of Drug neutralizing fluid (DNF) into asterile Petri dish to recover the remaining microorganisms on the tile.The recovered media was serially diluted, plated on TSA plates, andincubated at 37° C. for 18-24 hrs after which time colony counts weredetermined. For control, the same procedure was followed, except 0.3 mlof phosphate buffered saline was used instead of surface cleanser.Proquart, a commercial disinfectant containing quaternary ammoniumcompounds (10.85% quaternary ammonium compounds), from Clorox companywas also evaluated simultaneously for comparison. The surfacedisinfectant tested comprised the following formulation.

Botanical Surface Disinfectant LG-50 Ingredients % w/w Lemongrass oil2.5 Pine oil 0.5 Glucopon 215 UP 25 Citric acid 10 SDA 3C 35 Water 27

The antimicrobial activity of the surface disinfectant is shown below inTable 4.

TABLE 4 Efficacy of a 10 minute application of LG-50 surfactants onbacteria dried on ceramic tiles % kill Composition S. aureus MRSA E.coli Surface disinfectant LG-50 99.999 99.99 99.9 (1 oz diluted to 5 oz)Proquart 99.0 99.0 99.0 (1 oz diluted to 1 Gallon) Proquart 99.9 99.999.0 (2 oz diluted to 1 Gallon) Control growth ranged from 5 × 10⁵-1 ×10⁶. Dilutions of Proquart were made as described in the instructions onthe product label: Proquart 0.17% quaternary ammonium compound (1 oz.and 2 oz.) was diluted to 1 gallon. LG 50 comprising 0.12% essentialoils (1 oz) was diluted to 5 oz. Conclusion. The botanical surfacedisinfectant showed higher antimicrobial efficacy than Proquart.

Various patent and non-patent publications are cited herein, thecontents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentireties.

1-17. (canceled)
 18. An antimicrobial composition comprising (a) fromabout 0.1% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w) benzyl alcohol; (b) from about0.02% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w) benzoic acid; (c) from about 0.02% (w/w)to about 1.3% (w/w) farnesol, bisabolol or a combination thereof; (d)from about 0.05% (w/w) to about 2.5% (w/w) of thymol; and (e) from about0.05% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w) botanical extract selected from thegroup grapefruit extract, aloe gel, aloe leaf juice and a combinationthereof.
 19. The antimicrobial composition of claim 18, furthercomprising from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 1.0% (w/w) phenylethanol. 20.The composition of claim 18, further comprising from about 0.5% (w/w) toabout 2.0% (w/w) of a cationic surfactant.